Abstract
Cassava is an important dietary component for over 1 billion people, and its ability to yield under drought has led to it being promoted as an important crop for food security under climate change. Despite its known photosynthetic plasticity in response to temperature, little is known about how temperature affects plant toxicity or about interactions between temperature and drought, which is important because cassava tissues contain high levels of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, a major health and food safety concern. In a controlled glasshouse experiment, plants were grown at 2 daytime temperatures (23 °C and 34 °C), and either well-watered or subject to a 1 month drought prior to harvest at 6 months. The objective was to determine the separate and interactive effects of temperature and drought on growth and toxicity. Both temperature and drought affected cassava physiology and chemistry. While temperature alone drove differences in plant height and above-ground biomass, drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected tuber yield, as well as foliar and tuber chemistry, including C : N, nitrogen and cyanide potential (CNp; total cyanide released from cyanogenic glucosides). Conditions that most stimulated growth and yield (well-watered × high temperature) effected a reduction in tuber toxicity, whereas drought inhibited growth and yield, and was associated with increased foliar and tuber toxicity. The magnitude of drought effects on tuber yield and toxicity were greater at high temperature; thus, increases in tuber CNp were not merely a consequence of reduced tuber biomass. Findings confirm that cassava is adaptable to forecast temperature increases, particularly in areas of adequate or increasing rainfall; however, in regions forecast for increased incidence of drought, the effects of drought on both food quality (tuber toxicity) and yield are a greater threat to future food security and indicate an increasing necessity for processing of cassava to reduce toxicity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature alone drove differences in cassava plant height and above-ground biomass.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- plant height and above-ground biomasse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While temperature alone drove differences in plant height and above-ground biomass”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected cassava tuber yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- drought and temperature × drought interactionse0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected tuber yield, as well as foliar and tuber chemistry, including C : N, nitrogen and cyanide potential”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected foliar and tuber chemistry, including C : N, nitrogen and cyanide potential, in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- drought and temperature × drought interactionse0
- Outcome
- foliar and tuber chemistrye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought and temperature × drought interactions most affected tuber yield, as well as foliar and tuber chemistry, including C : N, nitrogen and cyanide potential”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Well-watered, high-temperature conditions, which most stimulated cassava growth and yield, reduced tuber toxicity.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- well-watered × high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- tuber toxicitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conditions that most stimulated growth and yield (well-watered × high temperature) effected a reduction in tuber toxicity”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought inhibited cassava growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought inhibited growth and yield, and was associated with increased foliar and tuber toxicity”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought was associated with increased foliar and tuber toxicity in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- foliar and tuber toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought inhibited growth and yield, and was associated with increased foliar and tuber toxicity”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of drought on cassava tuber yield and toxicity were greater at high temperature.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- tuber yield and toxicitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- at high temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of drought effects on tuber yield and toxicity were greater at high temperature”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in tuber cyanide potential under drought were not merely a consequence of reduced tuber biomass.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- tuber CNpe0
- Qualifier
- not merely a consequence of reduced tuber biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in tuber CNp were not merely a consequence of reduced tuber biomass”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of drought on tuber toxicity and yield indicate an increasing necessity for processing of cassava to reduce toxicity.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- processing of cassava to reduce toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicate an increasing necessity for processing of cassava to reduce toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
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- positive
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.