Abstract
The parasitic eastern mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum is a perennial evergreen that infests trees including the deciduous pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]. Various chemical and/or mechanical methods of mistletoe eradication have been studied. An efficient method of mistletoe removal in deciduous trees involves the use of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Mistletoe in dormant `Stuart' trees and `Desirable' trees at bud break were treated on 15 Mar. with 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, or 10,000 ppm ethephon [pH of treatment solution adjusted with 1.2 ml/L of a buffering agent (pH +, Stoller Chemical Co.)]. `Desirable' trees at the prepollination stage of development were treated with 0, 312, 625, 1250, or 2500 ppm + 1.2 ml/L of the buffering agent on 27 Mar. 1991. All ethephon treatments except 312 and 625 ppm resulted in >95% defoliation on 18 Apr. All chemical treatments resulted in abscission cf some mistletoe branchlets. There was a negative correlation between ethephon concentration and mistletoe regrowth on 2 Dec. for both cultivars. The most effective treatment was 2500 ppm applied at prepollination on `Desirable'. This treatment resulted in no mistletoe regrowth on 80% of the trees. No phytotoxicity to the pecans was observed.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Most ethephon treatments caused more than 95% mistletoe defoliation.
- Taxon
- pecan
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=60)
Carya illinoinensise2 - Treatment
- ethephon treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinum
Phoradendron leucarpume1parasite - Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Value
- >95%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All ethephon treatments except 312 and 625 ppm resulted in >95% defoliation on 18 Apr”
e1“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”
e2“pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]”
Claim · model-written summary
Every chemical treatment caused some mistletoe branchlet abscission.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise1
- Treatment
- chemical treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinumPhoradendron leucarpume2parasite
- Outcome
- abscission cf some mistletoe branchletse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All chemical treatments resulted in abscission cf some mistletoe branchlets”
e1“pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]”
e2“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mistletoe regrowth declined with increasing ethephon concentration in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise1
- Treatment
- ethephon concentratione0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinumPhoradendron leucarpume2parasite
- Outcome
- mistletoe regrowthe0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a negative correlation between ethephon concentration and mistletoe regrowth on 2 Dec. for both cultivars”
e1“pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]”
e2“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2500 ppm prepollination application on Desirable was the most effective treatment.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise1
- Material
- Desirablee0
- Treatment
- 2500 ppm applied at prepollinatione0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinumPhoradendron leucarpume2parasite
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective treatment was 2500 ppm applied at prepollination on `Desirable'”
e1“pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]”
e2“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment prevented mistletoe regrowth on 80% of trees.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise1
- Treatment
- 2500 ppm applied at prepollinatione0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinumPhoradendron leucarpume2parasite
- Outcome
- mistletoe regrowthe0
- Direction
- noe0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2500 ppm applied at prepollination on `Desirable'. This treatment resulted in no mistletoe regrowth on 80% of the trees”
e1“pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C.Koch]”
e2“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”
Claim · model-written summary
No pecan phytotoxicity was observed.
- Taxon
- pecansCarya illinoinensise0
- Interactor
- Phoradendron serotinumPhoradendron leucarpume1parasite
- Outcome
- No phytotoxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No phytotoxicity to the pecans was observed”
e1“mistletoe, Phoradendron serotinum”