Abstract
The cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) markedly stimulated the lateral expansion of excised immature radish cotyledons after a lag period of about 10 h. This growth occurred principally by cell enlargement, especially in the light which enhanced the response. However, a marked response 'to cytokinin occurred in the complete absence of red light during germination, cotyledon excision and incubation. Contact with BAP for 5 h significantly stimulated growth, but a maximum response required more than 24 h of contact; potassium chloride also promoted cotyledon expansion and acted synergistically with cytokinin. The response to cytokinin did not appear to be mediated by ethylene, gibberellins, polyamines or cyclic nucleotides. Growth induction did not alter the respiration rate and appeared to be inde- pendent of chloroplast function. Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis and of protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes almost completely abolished BAP-induced growth, control growth being less markedly affected. There were, however, no significant BAP-induced increases in total DNA or RNA levels or specific activity before the initiation of growth stimulation. Similarly, BAP had no effect on any individual RNA species until after the lag period, when there was a small enhancement of uridine incorporation into RNA species with similar electrophoretic mobility to rRNA. Although total protein levels were not affected by BAP, the cytokinin enhanced amino acid incorporation into protein within the lag period, an effect which persisted when transcription was strongly inhibited by actinomycin D. Phosphorylation of total protein was stimulated by BAP only well after the onset of cytokinin-induced growth. Protein methylation, however, was stimulated by BAP during the lag period, and the effect was at least as early as the BAP-enhanced incorporation of methionine into protein. The possible role of translational control in the mechanism of cytokinin action is discussed.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
BAP stimulated lateral cotyledon expansion after about 10 h.
- Taxon
- Radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)e0
- Outcome
- lateral expansione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- after a lag period of about 10 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“The cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) markedly stimulated the lateral expansion of excised immature radish cotyledons after a lag period of about 10 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon growth under BAP occurred principally by cell enlargement.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- cell enlargemente0
- Qualifier
- principallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“This growth occurred principally by cell enlargement”
Claim · model-written summary
Light enhanced the BAP growth response.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“especially in the light which enhanced the response”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin produced a marked growth response even without red light.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- marked responsee0
- Qualifier
- complete absence of red lighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“a marked response 'to cytokinin occurred in the complete absence of red light during germination, cotyledon excision and incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Five hours of BAP contact significantly stimulated growth.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAP for 5 he0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Contact with BAP for 5 h significantly stimulated growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum growth response required more than 24 h of BAP contact.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- more than 24 h of contacte0
- Outcome
- maximum responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“a maximum response required more than 24 h of contact”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium chloride promoted cotyledon expansion.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- potassium chloridee0
- Outcome
- cotyledon expansione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“potassium chloride also promoted cotyledon expansion”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium chloride acted synergistically with cytokinin for expansion.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- potassium chloridee0
- Outcome
- cotyledon expansione0
- Direction
- synergisticallye0
- Comparator
- cytokinine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“potassium chloride also promoted cotyledon expansion and acted synergistically with cytokinin”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin response did not appear mediated by ethylene, gibberellins or polyamines.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- response to cytokinine0
- Qualifier
- did not appear to be mediated by ethylene, gibberellins, polyamines or cyclic nucleotidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“The response to cytokinin did not appear to be mediated by ethylene, gibberellins, polyamines or cyclic nucleotides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth induction did not alter respiration rate.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Growth inductione0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Growth induction did not alter the respiration rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth induction appeared independent of chloroplast function.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- chloroplast functione0
- Qualifier
- inde- pendente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“appeared to be inde- pendent of chloroplast function”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis almost abolished BAP growth.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesise0
- Outcome
- BAP-induced growthe0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis and of protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes almost completely abolished BAP-induced growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors of protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes almost abolished BAP growth.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomese0
- Outcome
- BAP-induced growthe0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis and of protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes almost completely abolished BAP-induced growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Control growth was less markedly affected by those inhibitors.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- less markedly affectede0
- Comparator
- control growthe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“control growth being less markedly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP caused no significant increase in total DNA or RNA before growth began.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- total DNA or RNA levelse0
- Direction
- no significant BAP-induced increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“no significant BAP-induced increases in total DNA or RNA levels or specific activity before the initiation of growth stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP caused no significant increase in specific activity before growth began.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- specific activitye0
- Direction
- no significant BAP-induced increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“no significant BAP-induced increases in total DNA or RNA levels or specific activity before the initiation of growth stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP had no effect on RNA species until after the lag period.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- individual RNA speciese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“BAP had no effect on any individual RNA species until after the lag period”
Claim · model-written summary
After the lag, BAP slightly enhanced uridine incorporation into rRNA-like species.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- uridine incorporation into RNA speciese0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Similarly, BAP had no effect on any individual RNA species until after the lag period, when there was a small enhancement of uridine incorporation into RNA species with similar electrophoretic mobility to rRNA”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP enhanced amino acid incorporation into protein during the lag, persisting under actinomycin D.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- cytokinine0
- Outcome
- amino acid incorporation into proteine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- persisted when transcription was strongly inhibited by actinomycin De0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“the cytokinin enhanced amino acid incorporation into protein within the lag period, an effect which persisted when transcription was strongly inhibited by actinomycin D”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP stimulated protein methylation during the lag period.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- Protein methylatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish Cotyledon”
e0“Protein methylation, however, was stimulated by BAP during the lag period”
The same questions in other papers
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5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.