Abstract
Composted poultry litter (CPL) may be applied as a mulch in fruit orchards to manage waste and to provide a slow-release nutrient source and weed control. With proper management, poultry manure and bedding (litter) can prevent environmental degradation, such as hypoxia in aquatic communities. Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots all received preemergence herbicides in May and then the following treatments in June 1998: commercial fertilizer (N at 15 g·m -2 ), low rate CPL (N at 15 g·m -2 as CPL at 2.9 kg·m -2 ), high rate CPL (N at 62 g·m -2 as CPL at 11.6 kg·m -2 ), and no fertilizer or mulch control. Weeds were completely controlled by mulch and herbicide during 1998 but not during 1999. By Sept. 1999, the high rate of CPL had only 27% weed cover compared with 86% for the commercial fertilizer-treated plots. Soil N was highest (NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 16.4 and 18.6 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively) in plots treated with commercial fertilizer, 6 weeks after treatment (WAT). Soil N did not differ among the two CPL treatments and the control at any time. At the high rate of CPL, there was NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 3.2 and 0.7 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively, at 6 WAT. Water-extractable P (WEP) in the soil did not differ among the CPL and commercial fertilizer treatments at 6 WAT (P at §14 mg·kg -1 soil). However, at 47 WAT, plots with the high rate of CPL had significantly higher WEP, with P at 30 mg·kg -1 soil vs. 14 mg·kg -1 soil in plots treated with commercial fertilizer. High applications of CPL could elevate P in surface runoff to levels that cause environmental degradation. In general, Mehlich 1-extractable P (MEP) did not differ among the CPL- and fertilizer-treated plots (averaging P at 45 mg·kg -1 soil). MEP was lowest in control plots (averaging P at 21 mg·kg -1 soil). Results indicate that CPL could be used as a weed suppressant without adversely affecting N release to the environment; however, P concentration in soil water may be problematic.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch and herbicide completely controlled weeds in 1998 but not 1999.
- Taxon
- Peach
Prunus persicae1 - Treatment
- mulch and herbicidee0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weedse0
- Direction
- completely controllede0
- Qualifier
- during 1998 but not during 1999e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds were completely controlled by mulch and herbicide during 1998 but not during 1999”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate litter plots had 27% weed cover versus 86% under commercial fertilizer by September 1999.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- high rate of CPLe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed covere0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- 86%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizer-treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By Sept. 1999, the high rate of CPL had only 27% weed cover compared with 86% for the commercial fertilizer-treated plots”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial fertilizer yielded the highest soil ammonium nitrogen at six weeks, 16.4 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- commercial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Soil Ne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.4e0
- Qualifier
- 6 weeks after treatment (WAT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N was highest (NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 16.4 and 18.6 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively) in plots treated with commercial fertilizer, 6 weeks after treatment (WAT)”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial fertilizer yielded the highest soil nitrate nitrogen at six weeks, 18.6 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- commercial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- NO 3 -Ne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.6 mg·kg -1 soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N was highest (NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 16.4 and 18.6 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively) in plots treated with commercial fertilizer, 6 weeks after treatment (WAT)”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen did not differ between the two litter treatments and control.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- two CPL treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil Ne0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N did not differ among the two CPL treatments and the control at any time”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate litter plots contained 3.2 mg per kg soil ammonium at six weeks.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- high rate of CPLe0
- Outcome
- NH 4 -Ne0
- Value
- 3.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the high rate of CPL, there was NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 3.2 and 0.7 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively, at 6 WAT”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate litter plots contained 0.7 mg per kg soil nitrate at six weeks.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- high rate of CPLe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 -Ne0
- Value
- 0.7 mg·kg -1 soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the high rate of CPL, there was NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N at 3.2 and 0.7 mg·kg -1 soil, respectively, at 6 WAT”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-extractable soil phosphorus did not differ between litter and fertilizer at six weeks.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- CPLe0
- Outcome
- Water-extractable P (WEP) in the soile0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water-extractable P (WEP) in the soil did not differ among the CPL and commercial fertilizer treatments at 6 WAT”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 47 weeks, high-rate litter plots had significantly higher water-extractable soil phosphorus, 30 versus 14 mg per kg under fertilizer.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- high rate of CPLe0
- Outcome
- WEPe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30 mg·kg -1 soile0
- Qualifier
- 14 mg·kg -1 soile0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 47 WAT, plots with the high rate of CPL had significantly higher WEP, with P at 30 mg·kg -1 soil vs. 14 mg·kg -1 soil in plots treated with commercial fertilizer”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mehlich-extractable soil phosphorus generally did not differ between litter and fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- CPL-e0
- Outcome
- Mehlich 1-extractable P (MEP)e0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Value
- 45 mg·kg -1 soile0
- Comparator
- fertilizer-treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mehlich 1-extractable P (MEP) did not differ among the CPL- and fertilizer-treated plots (averaging P at 45 mg·kg -1 soil)”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mehlich-extractable phosphorus was lowest in controls, averaging 21 mg per kg soil.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- control plotse0
- Outcome
- MEPe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 21 mg·kg -1 soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MEP was lowest in control plots (averaging P at 21 mg·kg -1 soil)”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest litter can suppress weeds without adversely affecting environmental nitrogen release.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- CPL could be used as a weed suppressante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPL could be used as a weed suppressant without adversely affecting N release to the environment”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors caution that phosphorus in soil water may be problematic with litter use.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- P concentration in soil water may be problematice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P concentration in soil water may be problematic”
e1“Peach ( Prunus persica L. `Sunhigh') plots”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →mulching · weed · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.