Abstract
Abstract An experimental study was conducted to determine the optimum water amounts, irrigation water use efficiencies ( IWUE ) and irrigation water saving for waxy maize and cucumber, and the optimum nitrogen (N) quantity and nitrogen use efficiency ( NUE ) for maize under fertigation. The different irrigation treatments were estimated using the CROPWAT model based on the Penman–Monteith method, and the different N fertigation rates were determined based on the locally recommended dose. The results showed that the vegetative growth, yield and quality traits of maize and cucumber were significantly affected by different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation rates. The water application depths of 50% and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration inside the greenhouse ( ET c,in ) for maize and cucumber were found to be the optimum amounts that resulted in the highest yield of 26.8 t ha −1 for maize and 37.8 t ha −1 for cucumber. The 50% and 100% ET c,in for maize and cucumber resulted in water saving of 102.9 mm and 29.0 mm, respectively. The fertigation quantity of 125% N dose was the optimum N level that obtained highest maize yield of 26.2 t ha −1 , and the NUE was 7.198 t ha −1 kg −1 . The vegetative growth and fruit quality reached the best at irrigation depth of 50% ET c,in and N dose of 125% for maize, and irrigation depth of 100% ET c,in for cucumber. The IWUE varied from 0.102 to 0.209 t ha −1 mm −1 for maize and 0.152–0.340 t ha −1 mm −1 for cucumber. Furthermore, the IWUE and NUE increased with the decreasing irrigation water amount and the N application dose. Findings from this research may provide technical guidance for reducing irrigation water use in agriculture in order to solve the water scarcity problem. There is water saving potential observed in this study.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation amount and nitrogen fertigation significantly affected maize growth, yield, and quality.
- Treatment
- different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation ratese0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, yield and quality traitse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the vegetative growth, yield and quality traits of maize and cucumber were significantly affected by different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation amount and nitrogen fertigation significantly affected cucumber growth, yield, and quality.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation ratese0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, yield and quality traitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the vegetative growth, yield and quality traits of maize and cucumber were significantly affected by different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% ET c,in, maize reached its highest yield of 26.8 t ha −1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water application depths of 50% and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration inside the greenhouse ( ET c,in ) for maize and cucumber were found to be the optimum amounts that resulted in the highest yield of 26.8 t ha −1 for maize and 37.8 t ha −1 for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% ET c,in, cucumber reached its highest yield of 37.8 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 100%e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 37.8 t ha −1e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water application depths of 50% and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration inside the greenhouse ( ET c,in ) for maize and cucumber were found to be the optimum amounts that resulted in the highest yield of 26.8 t ha −1 for maize and 37.8 t ha −1 for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize irrigation at 50% ET c,in saved 102.9 mm of water.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50% and 100% ET c,in for maize and cucumber resulted in water saving of 102.9 mm and 29.0 mm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber irrigation at 100% ET c,in saved 29.0 mm of water.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50% and 100% ET c,in for maize and cucumber resulted in water saving of 102.9 mm and 29.0 mm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125% nitrogen dose produced the highest maize yield, 26.2 t ha −1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fertigation quantity of 125% N dose was the optimum N level that obtained highest maize yield of 26.2 t ha −1 , and the NUE was 7.198 t ha −1 kg −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize nitrogen use efficiency at the 125% nitrogen dose was 7.198 t ha −1 kg −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fertigation quantity of 125% N dose was the optimum N level that obtained highest maize yield of 26.2 t ha −1 , and the NUE was 7.198 t ha −1 kg −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize growth and fruit quality were best at 50% ET c,in and 125% nitrogen.
- Treatment
- irrigation depth of 50% ET c,in and N dose of 125%e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetative growth and fruit quality reached the best at irrigation depth of 50% ET c,in and N dose of 125% for maize, and irrigation depth of 100% ET c,in for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber growth and fruit quality were best at 100% ET c,in.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- irrigation depth of 100% ET c,ine0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetative growth and fruit quality reached the best at irrigation depth of 50% ET c,in and N dose of 125% for maize, and irrigation depth of 100% ET c,in for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize irrigation water use efficiency ranged from 0.102 to 0.209 t ha −1 mm −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IWUE varied from 0.102 to 0.209 t ha −1 mm −1 for maize and 0.152–0.340 t ha −1 mm −1 for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber irrigation water use efficiency ranged from 0.152 to 0.340 t ha −1 mm −1.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Value
- 0.152–0.340 t ha −1 mm −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IWUE varied from 0.102 to 0.209 t ha −1 mm −1 for maize and 0.152–0.340 t ha −1 mm −1 for cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation water use efficiency increased as irrigation water amount decreased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the IWUE and NUE increased with the decreasing irrigation water amount and the N application dose.”
t0“waxy maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency increased as nitrogen dose decreased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the IWUE and NUE increased with the decreasing irrigation water amount and the N application dose.”
t0“waxy maize”
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