Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and indole-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) were applied to roots of Phaseolus vulgaris under two different light intensities and when either young or old leaves were removed In all cases GA3, promoted stem and lateral growth, especially when light intensity was reduced. Promotion by GA3, of stem growth under reduced light was reduced if IAA and kinetin were present; promotion of lateral growth under reduced light was reduced if IAA was added and eliminated if kinetin or kinetin plus IAA were added to GA3. Removal of young and mature leaves reduced main stem growth; removal of young leaves promoted, and of mature leaves reduced, lateral shoot growth. We suggest that shoot growth and apical dominance are governed by the balance of hormones present in elongating internodes. There may be two ways of modifying this balance; firstly by altering light, temperature, or nutrients, or by applying hormones generally to the plant. Secondly, local modifications can be made by removing apices or young leaves, or applying hormones in lanolin to specific areas. Knowledge of both the general and local conditions may be necessary for a complete understanding of apical dominance.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 promoted stem and lateral growth, particularly under reduced light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- stem and lateral growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- light intensity was reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all cases GA3, promoted stem and lateral growth, especially when light intensity was reduced.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and kinetin reduced GA3 promotion of stem growth under reduced light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IAA and kinetine0
- Outcome
- stem growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under reduced lighte0
- Comparator
- GA3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promotion by GA3, of stem growth under reduced light was reduced if IAA and kinetin were present”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA reduced GA3 promotion of lateral growth under reduced light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- lateral growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- GA3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of lateral growth under reduced light was reduced if IAA was added”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“GA3, promoted stem and lateral growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin eliminated GA3 promotion of lateral growth under reduced light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- kinetine0
- Outcome
- lateral growthe1
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Comparator
- GA3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eliminated if kinetin or kinetin plus IAA were added to GA3.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“GA3, promoted stem and lateral growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin plus IAA eliminated GA3 promotion of lateral growth under reduced light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- kinetin plus IAAe0
- Outcome
- lateral growthe1
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Comparator
- GA3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eliminated if kinetin or kinetin plus IAA were added to GA3.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“GA3, promoted stem and lateral growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of young leaves reduced main stem growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Removal of younge0
- Outcome
- main stem growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of young and mature leaves reduced main stem growth”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of mature leaves reduced main stem growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mature leavese0
- Outcome
- main stem growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of young and mature leaves reduced main stem growth”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of young leaves promoted lateral shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- removal of young leavese0
- Outcome
- lateral shoot growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal of young leaves promoted, and of mature leaves reduced, lateral shoot growth.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of mature leaves reduced lateral shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mature leavese0
- Outcome
- lateral shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal of young leaves promoted, and of mature leaves reduced, lateral shoot growth.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest hormone balance in elongating internodes governs shoot growth and apical dominance.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- shoot growth and apical dominancee0
- Qualifier
- balance of hormones present in elongating internodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot growth and apical dominance are governed by the balance of hormones present in elongating internodes.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →kinetin · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.