Abstract
On-farm field experiments were conducted in the Piedmont Plateau and Coastal Plain of North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the integration of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} with other chemical and cultural weed control tactics into soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] weed management systems. Sethoxydim at 0.2 kg ai/ha provided control of broadleaf signalgrass [ Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPP], large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA], and fall panicum [ Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI) equal to control achieved with registered rates of the soil-applied herbicides alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine). Control of broadleaf weed species with the postemergence herbicides bentazon [3-isopropyl-1 H -2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3 H )-one 2,2-dioxide] and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} equaled or exceeded the control obtained with the soil-applied herbicides linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6- tert -butyl-3-(methylthio)- as -triazin-5-(4 H )-one]. Applications of 0.22 kg/ha of sethoxydim 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after soybean planting provided season-long control of fall panicum and crabgrass in 1981. In 1982, crabgrass control was 88 to 99% up to 4 weeks after planting. Later applications provided inadequate control of the grass species. Variations in volume and pressure of application had no effect on control of 10-cm goosegrass [ Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN] or broadleaf signalgrass with 0.2 kg/ha of sethoxydim. Increasing pressure increased control of 30-cm goosegrass and broadleaf signalgrass. Increasing volume increased only control of goosegrass. Bentazon and acifluorfen provided better control of broadleaf weeds when applied early than when applied late. In two of four experiments tank mixtures of sethoxydim and bentazon resulted in an initial decrease in grass control compared to corresponding sequential applications. Soybean yields were comparable, however.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim at 0.2 kg ai/ha gave control of broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass and fall panicum equal to that of registered rates of alachlor.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Sethoxydim at 0.2 kg ai/hae1
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae1weed - Second interactor
- large crabgrasse1weed
- Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- equal toe1
- Qualifier
- fall panicume1
- Comparator
- registered rates of the soil-applied herbicides alachlore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Sethoxydim at 0.2 kg ai/ha provided control of broadleaf signalgrass [ Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPP], large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA], and fall panicum [ Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI) equal to control achieved with registered rates of the soil-applied herbicides alachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim applied 2 to 5 weeks after planting gave season-long control of fall panicum and crabgrass in 1981.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Applications of 0.22 kg/ha of sethoxydim 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after soybean plantinge2
- Interactor
- fall panicum
Panicum dichotomiflorume2weed - Second interactor
- crabgrasse2weed
- Outcome
- season-long control of fall panicum and crabgrasse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Setting
- in 1981e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Applications of 0.22 kg/ha of sethoxydim 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after soybean planting provided season-long control of fall panicum and crabgrass in 1981”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1982, crabgrass control was 88 to 99% up to 4 weeks after planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- crabgrasse3weed
- Outcome
- crabgrass controle3
- Value
- 88 to 99%e3
- Qualifier
- up to 4 weeks after plantinge3
- Setting
- In 1982e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e3“In 1982, crabgrass control was 88 to 99% up to 4 weeks after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Later sethoxydim applications gave inadequate control of the grass species.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Later applicationse4
- Outcome
- control of the grass speciese4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“Later applications provided inadequate control of the grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Variations in volume and pressure of application had no effect on control of 10-cm goosegrass or broadleaf signalgrass with 0.2 kg/ha of sethoxydim.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Variations in volume and pressure of applicatione5
- Interactor
- 10-cm goosegrasse5weed
- Second interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae5weed
- Outcome
- control of 10-cm goosegrasse5
- Direction
- no effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“Variations in volume and pressure of application had no effect on control of 10-cm goosegrass [ Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN] or broadleaf signalgrass with 0.2 kg/ha of sethoxydim”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing pressure increased control of 30-cm goosegrass and broadleaf signalgrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Increasing pressuree6
- Interactor
- 30-cm goosegrasse6weed
- Second interactor
- broadleaf signalgrassUrochloa platyphyllae6weed
- Outcome
- control of 30-cm goosegrasse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e6“Increasing pressure increased control of 30-cm goosegrass and broadleaf signalgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing volume increased only control of goosegrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Increasing volumee7
- Interactor
- goosegrasse7weed
- Outcome
- control of goosegrasse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- onlye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“Increasing volume increased only control of goosegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon and acifluorfen gave better broadleaf weed control when applied early than when applied late.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bentazon and acifluorfene1
- Interactor
- broadleaf weedse1weed
- Outcome
- control of broadleaf weedse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- when applied earlye1
- Comparator
- when applied latee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Bentazon and acifluorfen provided better control of broadleaf weeds when applied early than when applied late”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bentazon and acifluorfen equaled or exceeded the broadleaf weed control of soil-applied linuron and metribuzin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- postemergence herbicides bentazone1
- Interactor
- broadleaf weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- control of broadleaf weed speciese1
- Direction
- equaled or exceedede1
- Comparator
- soil-applied herbicides linurone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Control of broadleaf weed species with the postemergence herbicides bentazon [3-isopropyl-1 H -2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3 H )-one 2,2-dioxide] and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} equaled or exceeded the control obtained with the soil-applied herbicides linuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixtures of sethoxydim and bentazon gave an initial decrease in grass control in two of four experiments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tank mixtures of sethoxydim and bentazone1
- Outcome
- grass controle1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- In two of four experimentse1
- Comparator
- corresponding sequential applicationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“In two of four experiments tank mixtures of sethoxydim and bentazon resulted in an initial decrease in grass control compared to corresponding sequential applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields were comparable across the herbicide systems.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Qualifier
- comparablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soybean yields were comparable, however”
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