Abstract
Interest in growing hard red spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Canada is increasing due to its potential returns relative to other small‐grain cereals and oilseed crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of year, site, genotype, N application, and their interactions on the yield of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) and to demonstrate the application of the recently developed biplot methodology in visualizing agronomic research data. Ten HRSW cultivars were grown in five locations across three provinces from 1998 to 2000, constituting a total of 11 year–site combinations. In each environment, four levels of fertilizer N (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha −1 ) were applied. The N main effect, N × environment interaction, and N × genotype interaction were not significant. However, biplot analysis did reveal crossover N × environment interactions: Although higher N rates generally led to higher yield, the opposite was true in some environments. This was attributed to heavy Fusarium head blight ( Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and/or foliar diseases in these environments, which was exacerbated by higher N rates. The strong genotype × environment interactions were mainly associated with two cultivars that yielded well in most environments but very poorly in two environments in which Fusarium head blight was severe. This study thus highlighted the importance of Fusarium head blight resistance in HRSW production in eastern Canada. An environment × factor biplot was described for the first time, which was highly effective in revealing the interrelationship among environmental factors and in revealing the weather and soil patterns of the environments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The main nitrogen effect on wheat yield was not significant.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- yieldt1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N main effect, N × environment interaction, and N × genotype interaction were not significant.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
t1“Spring Wheat Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen by environment interaction was not significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- N × environment interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N main effect, N × environment interaction, and N × genotype interaction were not significant.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen by genotype interaction was not significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- N × genotype interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N main effect, N × environment interaction, and N × genotype interaction were not significant.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates generally raised wheat yield, with crossover effects across environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- some environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although higher N rates generally led to higher yield, the opposite was true in some environments.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In some environments, higher nitrogen rates lowered wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- some environmentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although higher N rates generally led to higher yield, the opposite was true in some environments.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates exacerbated Fusarium head blight or foliar diseases in some environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium head blighte0
- Qualifier
- these environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“This was attributed to heavy Fusarium head blight ( Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and/or foliar diseases in these environments, which was exacerbated by higher N rates.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two wheat cultivars yielded well in most environments but very poorly in two with severe Fusarium head blight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- two cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- very poorlye0
- Setting
- two environmentse0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars that yielded well in most environments but very poorly in two environments in which Fusarium head blight was severe.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
e1“Fusarium head blight ( Fusarium graminearum Schwabe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium head blight resistance was highlighted as important to spring wheat production in eastern Canada.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study thus highlighted the importance of Fusarium head blight resistance in HRSW production in eastern Canada.”
Claim · model-written summary
The environment by factor biplot effectively revealed relations among environmental factors.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- interrelationship among environmental factorse0
- Value
- highly effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An environment × factor biplot was described for the first time, which was highly effective in revealing the interrelationship among environmental factors and in revealing the weather and soil patterns of the environments.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The environment by factor biplot effectively revealed weather and soil patterns.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- weather and soil patterns of the environmentse0
- Value
- highly effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An environment × factor biplot was described for the first time, which was highly effective in revealing the interrelationship among environmental factors and in revealing the weather and soil patterns of the environments.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
323 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,737 in the opposite direction
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- positive
- positive
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