Abstract
Red sorrel is a common weed in lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Grower experience suggests that high red sorrel density necessitates fungicide applications to control Botrytis cinerea, a major fungal pathogen in lowbush blueberry. Specific interactions between red sorrel, lowbush blueberry, and B. cinerea, however, remain unclear. Experiments were conducted in Nova Scotia to determine the (1) presence or absence of red sorrel pollen on lowbush blueberry flowers in the field, (2) impact of red sorrel pollen on in vitro B. cinerea spore germination and infection of immature and mature blueberry flowers, and (3) effect of pronamide applications on red sorrel and lowbush blueberry growth. Red sorrel pollen grains were found on blueberry flowers in the field. In vitro B. cinerea spore germination increased with increasing red sorrel pollen concentration, with the relationship adequately explained by a 3-parameter exponential rise to a maximum equation. Red sorrel pollen increased B. cinerea disease incidence on immature, but not mature, blueberry flowers in the greenhouse. Pronamide applications reduced red sorrel density in three out of four site years, but did not reduce red sorrel biomass or increase harvestable blueberry yield. Red sorrel pollen may increase B. cinerea disease incidence in lowbush blueberry, and growers should expect variable results when using pronamide for red sorrel management.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorrel pollen occurred on blueberry flowers in the field.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Interactor
- Red sorrel
Hibiscus sabdariffae0weed - Outcome
- pollen grains were found on blueberry flowerse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red sorrel pollen grains were found on blueberry flowers in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis spore germination increased with red sorrel pollen concentration.
- Taxon
- lowbush blueberry
Vaccinium angustifoliumt0 - Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- red sorrelHibiscus sabdariffae0weed
- Outcome
- B. cinerea spore germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro B. cinerea spore germination increased with increasing red sorrel pollen concentration”
t0“lowbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
An exponential rise to a maximum equation adequately explained the pollen concentration and spore germination relationship.
- Taxon
- lowbush blueberryVaccinium angustifoliumt0
- Outcome
- relationship adequately explainede0
- Value
- 3-parametere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relationship adequately explained by a 3-parameter exponential rise to a maximum equation”
t0“lowbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorrel pollen increased Botrytis disease incidence on immature blueberry flowers.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Organ / stage
- immaturee0
- Treatment
- Red sorrel pollene0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Red sorrelHibiscus sabdariffae0weed
- Outcome
- B. cinerea disease incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- maturee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red sorrel pollen increased B. cinerea disease incidence on immature, but not mature, blueberry flowers in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorrel pollen did not increase Botrytis disease incidence on mature blueberry flowers.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Organ / stage
- maturee0
- Treatment
- Red sorrel pollene0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Red sorrelHibiscus sabdariffae0weed
- Outcome
- B. cinerea disease incidencee0
- Direction
- not maturee0
- Comparator
- immaturee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red sorrel pollen increased B. cinerea disease incidence on immature, but not mature, blueberry flowers in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide reduced red sorrel density in three of four site years.
- Taxon
- lowbush blueberryVaccinium angustifoliumt0
- Treatment
- Pronamide applicationse0
- Interactor
- red sorrelHibiscus sabdariffae0weed
- Outcome
- red sorrel densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- three out of four site yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pronamide applications reduced red sorrel density in three out of four site years”
t0“lowbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide did not reduce red sorrel biomass.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Treatment
- Pronamide applicationse0
- Interactor
- red sorrelHibiscus sabdariffae0weed
- Outcome
- red sorrel biomasse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pronamide applications reduced red sorrel density in three out of four site years, but did not reduce red sorrel biomass or increase harvestable blueberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide did not increase harvestable blueberry yield.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Treatment
- Pronamide applicationse0
- Outcome
- harvestable blueberry yielde0
- Direction
- did not reduce red sorrel biomass or increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pronamide applications reduced red sorrel density in three out of four site years, but did not reduce red sorrel biomass or increase harvestable blueberry yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should expect variable results from pronamide for red sorrel management.
- Taxon
- lowbush blueberryVaccinium angustifoliumt0
- Outcome
- variable results when using pronamide for red sorrel managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growers should expect variable results when using pronamide for red sorrel management”
t0“lowbush blueberry”
The same questions in other papers
propyzamide · yield · VacciniumResults differ
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
propyzamide · Hibiscus sabdariffa · Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.