Abstract
Future climatic scenarios can influence crop yield levels and induce hunger if no actions are taken. In this study, we evaluated the effect of increased temperature and CO 2 concentration on soybean yield components and biomass partitioning, that ultimately determine the crops productivity. This is conducted for two soybean genotypes that differ in their canopy and life cycles. Experiments were set as follows: a) T1 -ambient temperature and 390 molCO 2 mol -1 , b) T2 -ambient air temperature +2.7 o C and ambient CO2, and c) T3 -ambient air temperature + 2.7 o C and 750 molCO 2 mol -1 . Results indicate that soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types. However, yield has not increased substantially due to reductions in the ratio of number of branch/plant, pods/branch and grains/branch which lead also to a lesser number of total pods and grains per plant. The increase of temperature favored the number of pods and grains on branches in the modern type cultivar, and on racemes in the old cultivar. This results in more yield in both cultivars versus plants grown in the current ambient, and higher CO 2 concentration plus temperature. In both cultivars, the pods and grains partition were higher on the ontogenically oldest four branches and racemes, with decrease in the other upper ones. In addition, the biomass allocation in vegetative tissues was higher than reproductive biomass, with intensity cultivar dependent. We concluded that in future the yield could be limited by reduction of the numbers of branches and racemes in plant, and by alteration at source-sink relation, thus, indicating that changes in canopy architecture are needed to better take advantage of the increasing concentration of CO 2 .
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature (T3) made soybean plants taller than under ambient conditions in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3)e0
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains of soybean under elevated CO2 and temperature (T3) weighed more than under ambient conditions in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3)e0
- Outcome
- grains weighed moree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of soybean under elevated CO2 and temperature (T3) has not increased substantially relative to ambient conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3)e0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- not increased substantiallye1
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e1“yield has not increased substantially due to reductions in the ratio of number of branch/plant, pods/branch and grains/branch which lead also to a lesser number of total pods and grains per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature reduced the ratio of branches per plant, pods per branch and grains per branch in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3)e0
- Outcome
- ratio of number of branch/plant, pods/branch and grains/branche1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e1“yield has not increased substantially due to reductions in the ratio of number of branch/plant, pods/branch and grains/branch which lead also to a lesser number of total pods and grains per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature led to a lesser number of total pods and grains per soybean plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3)e0
- Outcome
- total pods and grains per plante1
- Direction
- lesser numbere1
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e1“yield has not increased substantially due to reductions in the ratio of number of branch/plant, pods/branch and grains/branch which lead also to a lesser number of total pods and grains per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature favored the number of pods and grains on branches of the modern soybean cultivar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- modern type cultivare2
- Organ / stage
- branchese2
- Treatment
- The increase of temperaturee2
- Outcome
- number of pods and grainse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e2“The increase of temperature favored the number of pods and grains on branches in the modern type cultivar, and on racemes in the old cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature favored the number of pods and grains on racemes of the old soybean cultivar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- old cultivare2
- Organ / stage
- racemese2
- Treatment
- The increase of temperaturee2
- Outcome
- number of pods and grainse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e2“The increase of temperature favored the number of pods and grains on branches in the modern type cultivar, and on racemes in the old cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature gave more soybean yield in both cultivars than plants grown under the current ambient.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- The increase of temperaturee2
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- plants grown in the current ambiente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e2“The increase of temperature favored the number of pods and grains on branches in the modern type cultivar, and on racemes in the old cultivar”
e3“This results in more yield in both cultivars versus plants grown in the current ambient, and higher CO 2 concentration plus temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
In both soybean cultivars, the pods and grains partition was higher on the ontogenically oldest four branches and racemes than on the other upper ones.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- ontogenically oldest four branches and racemese4
- Outcome
- pods and grains partitione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- other upper onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e4“In both cultivars, the pods and grains partition were higher on the ontogenically oldest four branches and racemes, with decrease in the other upper ones”
Claim · model-written summary
In both soybean cultivars, the pods and grains partition decreased on the other upper branches and racemes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- other upper onese4
- Outcome
- pods and grains partitione4
- Direction
- decreasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e4“In both cultivars, the pods and grains partition were higher on the ontogenically oldest four branches and racemes, with decrease in the other upper ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass allocation in vegetative tissues of soybean was higher than to reproductive biomass, with intensity depending on cultivar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative tissuese5
- Outcome
- biomass allocation in vegetative tissuese5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- intensity cultivar dependente5
- Comparator
- reproductive biomasse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e5“the biomass allocation in vegetative tissues was higher than reproductive biomass, with intensity cultivar dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in soybean canopy architecture are needed to better exploit increasing CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- changes in canopy architecturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e6“We concluded that in future the yield could be limited by reduction of the numbers of branches and racemes in plant, and by alteration at source-sink relation, thus, indicating that changes in canopy architecture are needed to better take advantage of the increasing concentration of CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Future soybean yield could be limited by fewer branches and racemes per plant and by altered source-sink relations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Qualifier
- reduction of the numbers of branches and racemes in plante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean under elevated CO 2 and temperature (T3), were taller and grains weighed more than under the ambient conditions in both cultivars types”
e6“We concluded that in future the yield could be limited by reduction of the numbers of branches and racemes in plant, and by alteration at source-sink relation, thus, indicating that changes in canopy architecture are needed to better take advantage of the increasing concentration of CO 2”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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