Abstract
A large-plot field experiment was conducted at Keiser, AR, from fall of 2010 through fall of 2013 to understand to what extent soybean in-crop herbicide programs and postharvest fall management practices impact Palmer amaranth population density and seed production over three growing seasons. The effect of POST-only (glyphosate-only) or PRE followed by (fb) POST (glyphosate or glufosinate) + residual herbicide treatments were evaluated alone and in combination with postharvest management options of soybean residue spreading or soil incorporation, use of cover crops, windrowing with/without burning, and residue removal. Significant differences were observed between fall management practices on Palmer amaranth population density each fall. The use of cover crops and residue collection and removal fb the incorporation of crop residues into soil during the formation of beds were the most effective practices in reducing Palmer amaranth population. In contrast, the effects of fall management practices on Palmer amaranth seed production were inconsistent among years. The inclusion of a PRE herbicide application into the herbicide program significantly reduced Palmer amaranth population density and subsequent seed production each year when compared to the glyphosate-only program. Additionally, the glufosinate-containing residual program was superior to the glyphosate-containing residual program in reducing Palmer amaranth seed production. PRE fb POST herbicides resulted in significant decreases in the Palmer amaranth population density and seed production compared to POST application of glyphosate alone for all fall management practices, including the no-till practice. This study demonstrated that crop residue management such as chaff removal from the field, the use of cover crops, or seed incorporation during bed formation in combination with an effective PRE plus POST residual herbicide program is important for optimizing in-season management of Palmer amaranth and subsequently reducing the population density, which has a profound impact on lessening the risk for herbicide resistance and the consistency and effectiveness of future weed management efforts.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fall management practices significantly differed in Palmer amaranth population density each fall.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- fall management practicese0
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth population densitye0
- Direction
- differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were observed between fall management practices on Palmer amaranth population density each fall”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
t0“Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)”
t1“Herbicide Programs with Harvest Weed Seed Control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops were among the most effective practices for reducing Palmer amaranth populations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- cover cropse0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of cover crops and residue collection and removal fb the incorporation of crop residues into soil during the formation of beds were the most effective practices in reducing Palmer amaranth population”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue collection and removal followed by incorporation during bed formation effectively reduced Palmer amaranth populations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- residue collection and removal fb the incorporation of crop residues into soil during the formation of bedse0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of cover crops and residue collection and removal fb the incorporation of crop residues into soil during the formation of beds were the most effective practices in reducing Palmer amaranth population”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall management effects on Palmer amaranth seed production varied inconsistently among years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- fall management practicese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth seed productione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of fall management practices on Palmer amaranth seed production were inconsistent among years”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding PRE herbicide reduced Palmer amaranth density significantly each year versus glyphosate only.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- PRE herbicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-only programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of a PRE herbicide application into the herbicide program significantly reduced Palmer amaranth population density and subsequent seed production each year when compared to the glyphosate-only program”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding PRE herbicide reduced Palmer amaranth seed production significantly each year versus glyphosate only.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- PRE herbicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-only programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of a PRE herbicide application into the herbicide program significantly reduced Palmer amaranth population density and subsequent seed production each year when compared to the glyphosate-only program”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate-containing residual program reduced Palmer amaranth seed production more than glyphosate-containing residual program.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glufosinate-containing residual programe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth seed productione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-containing residual programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the glufosinate-containing residual program was superior to the glyphosate-containing residual program in reducing Palmer amaranth seed production”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE followed by POST herbicide decreased Palmer amaranth density significantly versus POST glyphosate alone across fall practices.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- PRE fb POST herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth population densitye0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- POST application of glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE fb POST herbicides resulted in significant decreases in the Palmer amaranth population density and seed production compared to POST application of glyphosate alone for all fall management practices, including the no-till practice”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE followed by POST herbicide decreased Palmer amaranth seed production significantly versus POST glyphosate alone across fall practices.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- PRE fb POST herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- POST application of glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE fb POST herbicides resulted in significant decreases in the Palmer amaranth population density and seed production compared to POST application of glyphosate alone for all fall management practices, including the no-till practice”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend residue management with effective PRE plus POST residual herbicides to optimize Palmer amaranth control and reduce resistance risk.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- optimizing in-season management of Palmer amaranth and subsequently reducing the population densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop residue management such as chaff removal from the field, the use of cover crops, or seed incorporation during bed formation in combination with an effective PRE plus POST residual herbicide program is important for optimizing in-season management of Palmer amaranth and subsequently reducing the population density, which has a profound impact on lessening the risk for herbicide resistance and the consistency and effectiveness of future weed management efforts”
e1“soybean in-crop herbicide programs”
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