Abstract
The germination of arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata) and mules ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) was studied. Both species are important coarse forbs on sagebrush (Artemisia) rangelands in western North America. Germination of the seeds (achenes) of both species was enhanced by cool-moist stratification, 4 weeks at 2 or 5 degrees C for mules ear and 12 weeks for arrowleaf balsamroot. After stratification, mules ear seeds germinated at a wide range of constant and alternating temperatures. Germination of arrowleaf balsamroot seeds was greatly enhanced by stratification, but even after stratification, germination was restricted to comparatively low temperatures.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Cool moist stratification enhanced mules ear seed germination after four weeks at 2 or 5 degrees C.
- Taxon
- mules eare0
- Treatment
- cool-moist stratificatione0
- Outcome
- Germination of the seedse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 4 weeks at 2 or 5 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of the seeds (achenes) of both species was enhanced by cool-moist stratification, 4 weeks at 2 or 5 degrees C for mules ear”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool moist stratification enhanced arrowleaf balsamroot seed germination after twelve weeks.
- Taxon
- arrowleaf balsamroote0
- Treatment
- cool-moist stratificatione0
- Outcome
- Germination of the seedse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 12 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of the seeds (achenes) of both species was enhanced by cool-moist stratification, 4 weeks at 2 or 5 degrees C for mules ear and 12 weeks for arrowleaf balsamroot.”
Claim · model-written summary
After stratification, mules ear germinated over a wide temperature range.
Verbatim
e0“After stratification, mules ear seeds germinated at a wide range of constant and alternating temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Even after stratification, arrowleaf balsamroot germination was limited to low temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“even after stratification, germination was restricted to comparatively low temperatures.”
t0“Arrowleaf Balsamroot”