Abstract
Reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a practical way to increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency (NUE). In this field study, soil was amended once with either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) straw (6 t ha−1) or its biochar (3.7 t ha−1) unfertilized (0 kg N ha−1) or fertilized (450 kg N ha−1), and then soil inorganic N concentration and distribution, NH3 volatilization, cotton yield and NUE were measured during the next two growing seasons. In unfertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 38–40% and 42–46%, respectively, less than that in control (i.e., unamended soil) during the two growing seasons. In the fertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 30–39% and 43–54%, respectively, less than that in the control. Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second. In contrast, biochar increased cotton N uptake and NUE during both the first and the second cropping seasons after application. Furthermore, the effects of biochar on cotton N uptake and NUE were greater in the second year than in the first year. These results indicate that cotton straw and cotton straw biochar can both reduce NH3 volatilization and also increase cotton yield, N uptake and NUE. In addition, the positive effects of one application of cotton straw biochar were more long-lasting than those of cotton straw.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In unfertilized plots, straw reduced NH3 volatilization 38–40% against unamended soil.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- straw-amendede0
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 38–40%e0
- Qualifier
- unfertilized plotse0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In unfertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 38–40% and 42–46%, respectively, less than that in control (i.e., unamended soil) during the two growing seasons”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
In unfertilized plots, biochar reduced NH3 volatilization 42–46%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- biochar-amendede0
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 42–46%e0
- Qualifier
- unfertilized plotse0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In unfertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 38–40% and 42–46%, respectively, less than that in control (i.e., unamended soil) during the two growing seasons”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
In fertilized plots, straw reduced NH3 volatilization 30–39%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- straw-amendede0
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 30–39%e0
- Qualifier
- fertilized plotse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 30–39% and 43–54%, respectively, less than that in the control”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
In fertilized plots, biochar reduced NH3 volatilization 43–54%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- biochar-amendede0
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilization lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 43–54%e0
- Qualifier
- fertilized plotse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 30–39% and 43–54%, respectively, less than that in the control”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw increased inorganic N concentrations in the first season only.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Straw amendmente0
- Outcome
- inorganic N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during the first cropping season after application, but not during the seconde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw increased cotton yield in the first season only.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Straw amendmente0
- Outcome
- cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during the first cropping season after application, but not during the seconde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw increased cotton N uptake in the first season only.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Straw amendmente0
- Outcome
- cotton N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during the first cropping season after application, but not during the seconde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw increased cotton NUE in the first season only.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Straw amendmente0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during the first cropping season after application, but not during the seconde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased cotton N uptake in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- cotton N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during both the first and the second cropping seasons after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar increased cotton N uptake and NUE during both the first and the second cropping seasons after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased cotton NUE in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during both the first and the second cropping seasons after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar increased cotton N uptake and NUE during both the first and the second cropping seasons after application”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar had a greater effect on cotton N uptake in year two than year one.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- cotton N uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Comparator
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of biochar on cotton N uptake and NUE were greater in the second year than in the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar had a greater effect on cotton NUE in year two than year one.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Comparator
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of biochar on cotton N uptake and NUE were greater in the second year than in the first year”
t0“drip-irrigated cotton field”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that a single biochar application had longer-lasting positive effects than straw.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton straw biochare0
- Outcome
- positive effectse0
- Direction
- more long-lastinge0
- Comparator
- cotton strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive effects of one application of cotton straw biochar were more long-lasting than those of cotton straw”
The same questions in other papers
other · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →other · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →other · nutrient: efficiency · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · environment: emissions · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · nutrient: efficiency · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biochar · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.