Abstract
The inositol requiring enzyme (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor. When activated, it splices the bZIP60 mRNA, producing a truncated transcription factor that upregulates genes involved in the unfolded protein response. Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is another ER stress sensor that regulates cell death in response to environmental assaults. The potyvirus 6K2 and potexvirus TGB3 proteins are known to reside in the ER, serving, respectively, as anchors for the viral replicase and movement protein complex. This study used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX) to determine that the IRE1/bZIP60 pathway and BI-1 machinery are induced early in virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum tuberosum. Agrodelivery of only the potyvirus 6K2 or TGB3 genes into plant cells activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosum. Homozygous ire1a-2, ire1b-4, and ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant Arabidopsis plants were inoculated with TuMV-GFP or PlAMV-GFP. PlAMV accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2 or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant plants than in ire1b-4 or wild-type plants. TuMV-GFP accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2, ire1b-4, or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that both isoforms contribute to TuMV-GFP infection. Gene silencing was used to knock down bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in N. benthamiana. PVX-GFP and PVY-GFP accumulation was significantly elevated in these silenced plants compared with control plants. This study demonstrates that two ER stress pathways, namely IRE1/bZIP60 and the BI-1 pathway, limit systemic accumulation of potyvirus and potexvirus infection. Silencing BI-1 expression also resulted in systemic necrosis. These data suggest that ER stress-activated pathways, led by IRE1 and BI-1, respond to invading potyvirus and potexviruses to restrict virus infection and enable physiological changes enabling plants to tolerate virus assault.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection induced IRE1/bZIP60 and BI-1 machinery early in the three plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum tuberosum
Arabidopsis thaliana
Nicotiana benthamiana
Solanum tuberosume0 - Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- IRE1/bZIP60 pathway and BI-1 machinerye0
- Outcome
- induced early in virus infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IRE1/bZIP60 pathway and BI-1 machinery are induced early in virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum tuberosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Delivery of potyvirus 6K2 activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana benthamianaSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- potyvirus 6K2e0
- Gene
- bZIP60 and BI-1e0
- Outcome
- bZIP60 and BI-1 expressione0
- Direction
- activatede0
PotyvirusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agrodelivery of only the potyvirus 6K2 or TGB3 genes into plant cells activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Delivery of TGB3 activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana benthamianaSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- TGB3 genese0
- Gene
- bZIP60 and BI-1e0
- Outcome
- bZIP60 and BI-1 expressione0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agrodelivery of only the potyvirus 6K2 or TGB3 genes into plant cells activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosum”
Claim · model-written summary
PlAMV accumulated more in ire1a-2 and double-mutant plants than in ire1b-4 or wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ire1a-2 or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant plantse0
- Interactor
- PlAMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PlAMV accumulatese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ire1b-4 or wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PlAMV accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2 or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant plants than in ire1b-4 or wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TuMV-GFP accumulated more in ire1a-2, ire1b-4 and double-mutant plants than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ire1a-2, ire1b-4, or ire1a-2/ire1b-4e0
- Interactor
- TuMV-GFPe0pathogen
- Outcome
- TuMV-GFP accumulatese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TuMV-GFP accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2, ire1b-4, or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 compared with wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX-GFP accumulation rose significantly after bZIP60 and BI-1 silencing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- bZIP60 and BI-1e1
- Interactor
- PVX-GFPe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PVX-GFPe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PVX-GFP and PVY-GFP accumulation was significantly elevated in these silenced plants compared with control plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“Gene silencing was used to knock down bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
PVY-GFP accumulation rose significantly after bZIP60 and BI-1 silencing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- bZIP60 and BI-1e1
- Interactor
- PVY-GFPe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PVY-GFPe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PVX-GFP and PVY-GFP accumulation was significantly elevated in these silenced plants compared with control plants”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“Gene silencing was used to knock down bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
BI-1 silencing resulted in systemic necrosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing BI-1 expressione0
- Outcome
- systemic necrosise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing BI-1 expression also resulted in systemic necrosis”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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loss of function · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.