Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has become a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in plant growth and photosynthesis among three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types with different morphological characteristics under low potassium conditions, providing information for improving the method of low-potassium lettuce culture. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in half-strength Enshi formula nutrient solution containing 4, 2, or 1 meL -1 K + . The plant yield and relative growth rates (RGR) of all three lettuce types were lowest under a treatment with 1 meL -1 K + . In green leaf lettuce, reductions in both the net assimilate rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) led to a decline in RGR. In Boston lettuce and romaine lettuce, the reduction of RGR was mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NAR. Reduced potassium in the nutrient solution had a greater effect on mature leaves than on newly expanded leaves for all three lettuce types. In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments, with a steady or gradually increased intercellular CO 2 concentration; this indicated that non-stomatal factors suppressed photosynthesis. In romaine lettuce, the photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solution, and the significant increase observed in leaf mass per area might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis in the leaf. The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leaves exhibited a similar trend to the decreased potassium content in the leaves within the three lettuce types, but the factor related to the reduction of photosynthesis was different.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 meL-1 K+ the plant yield and relative growth rate of all three lettuce types were lowest.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- 1 meL -1 Ke1
- Outcome
- plant yield and relative growth ratese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Comparator
- 4, 2e2
- Setting
- hydroponically growne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e1“The plant yield and relative growth rates (RGR) of all three lettuce types were lowest under a treatment with 1 meL -1 K”
e2“Lettuce was hydroponically grown in half-strength Enshi formula nutrient solution containing 4, 2, or 1 meL -1 K”
Claim · model-written summary
In green leaf lettuce, reduced net assimilate rate and leaf area ratio were associated with a decline in RGR.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- green leaf lettucee3
- Outcome
- RGRe3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Qualifier
- reductions in both the net assimilate rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e3“In green leaf lettuce, reductions in both the net assimilate rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) led to a decline in RGR”
Claim · model-written summary
In Boston lettuce, the reduction in RGR under low potassium was mainly due to reduced leaf area ratio and to a lesser extent to reduced net assimilate rate.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- Boston lettucee4
- Outcome
- RGRe4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Qualifier
- mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NARe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e4“In Boston lettuce and romaine lettuce, the reduction of RGR was mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NAR”
Claim · model-written summary
In romaine lettuce, the reduction in RGR under low potassium was mainly due to reduced leaf area ratio and to a lesser extent to reduced net assimilate rate.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- romaine lettucee4
- Outcome
- RGRe4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Qualifier
- mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NARe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e4“In Boston lettuce and romaine lettuce, the reduction of RGR was mainly due to a reduction in LAR, and to a lesser extent caused by NAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced potassium had a greater effect on mature leaves than on newly expanded leaves in all three lettuce types.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese5
- Treatment
- Reduced potassium in the nutrient solutione5
- Outcome
- effect on mature leavese5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- newly expanded leavese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e5“Reduced potassium in the nutrient solution had a greater effect on mature leaves than on newly expanded leaves for all three lettuce types”
Claim · model-written summary
In green leaf lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- green leaf lettucee6
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese6
- Treatment
- reduced potassium treatmentse6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e6“In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- Boston lettucee6
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese6
- Treatment
- reduced potassium treatmentse6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e6“In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-stomatal factors are indicated to suppress photosynthesis in green leaf lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- green leaf lettucee6
- Outcome
- photosynthesise7
- Qualifier
- non-stomatal factorse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e6“In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments”
e7“with a steady or gradually increased intercellular CO 2 concentration; this indicated that non-stomatal factors suppressed photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-stomatal factors are indicated to suppress photosynthesis in Boston lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- Boston lettucee6
- Outcome
- photosynthesise7
- Qualifier
- non-stomatal factorse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e6“In green leaf lettuce and Boston lettuce, photosynthetic rates of mature leaves significantly decreased under reduced potassium treatments”
e7“with a steady or gradually increased intercellular CO 2 concentration; this indicated that non-stomatal factors suppressed photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
In romaine lettuce, photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- romaine lettucee1
- Treatment
- reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- less influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e1“In romaine lettuce, the photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
In romaine lettuce, the significant increase in leaf mass per area might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Material
- romaine lettucee1
- Outcome
- leaf mass per areae2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis in the leafe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e1“In romaine lettuce, the photosynthetic rate was less influenced by reduced potassium levels in the nutrient solution”
e2“the significant increase observed in leaf mass per area might contribute to maintaining photosynthesis in the leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leaves showed a trend similar to the decrease in leaf potassium content across the three lettuce types.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese1
- Compound
- potassiume1
- Outcome
- The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leavese1
- Direction
- similar trende1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types”
e1“The decrease in photosynthesis in mature leaves exhibited a similar trend to the decreased potassium content in the leaves within the three lettuce types, but the factor related to the reduction of photosynthesis was different”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.