Abstract
Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus, causes laurel wilt in members of the Lauraceae plant family. North American species in the family, such as avocado (Persea americana) and swamp bay (P. palustris), are particularly susceptible to laurel wilt, whereas the Asian camphortree (Cinnamomum camphora) is relatively tolerant. To determine whether susceptibility is related to pathogen colonization, a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricola was generated and used to inoculate avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree. Trees were harvested 3, 10, and 30 days after inoculation (DAI), and disease severity was rated on a 1-to-10 scale. By 30 DAI, avocado and swamp bay developed significantly more severe disease than camphortree (mean severities of 6.8 and 5.5 versus 1.6, P < 0.003). The extent of xylem colonization was recorded as the percentage of lumena that were colonized by the pathogen. More xylem was colonized in avocado than camphortree (0.9% versus 0.1%, P < 0.03) but colonization in swamp bay (0.4%) did not differ significantly from either host. Although there were significant correlations between xylem colonization and laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74), swamp bay (r = 0.82), and camphortree (r = 0.87), even severely affected trees of all species were scarcely colonized by the pathogen.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Avocado developed significantly more severe disease than camphortree after inoculation with a GFP-labeled R. lauricola strain (mean severity 6.8 versus 1.6, P < 0.003).
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae1 - Treatment
- a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricolae2
- Interactor
- R. lauricola
.jpg?width=60)
Harringtonia lauricolae2pathogen - Outcome
- diseasee1
- Direction
- more severee1
- Value
- 6.8e1
- Qualifier
- versus 1.6, P < 0.003e1
- Comparator
- camphortreee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“By 30 DAI, avocado and swamp bay developed significantly more severe disease than camphortree (mean severities of 6.8 and 5.5 versus 1.6, P < 0.003)”
e2“a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricola was generated and used to inoculate avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree”
Claim · model-written summary
Swamp bay developed significantly more severe disease than camphortree after inoculation with a GFP-labeled R. lauricola strain (mean severity 5.5 versus 1.6, P < 0.003).
- Taxon
- swamp bay
Persea palustrise1 - Treatment
- a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricolae2
- Interactor
- R. lauricolaHarringtonia lauricolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee1
- Direction
- more severee1
- Value
- 5.5e1
- Qualifier
- versus 1.6, P < 0.003e1
- Comparator
- camphortreee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By 30 DAI, avocado and swamp bay developed significantly more severe disease than camphortree (mean severities of 6.8 and 5.5 versus 1.6, P < 0.003)”
e2“a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricola was generated and used to inoculate avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree”
Claim · model-written summary
Avocado had more xylem colonized by the pathogen than camphortree (0.9% versus 0.1%, P < 0.03).
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae3
- Treatment
- a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricolae2
- Interactor
- R. lauricolaHarringtonia lauricolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- xylem colonizatione7
- Direction
- More xylem was colonizede3
- Value
- 0.9%e3
- Qualifier
- versus 0.1%, P < 0.03e3
- Comparator
- camphortreee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of R. lauricola was generated and used to inoculate avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree”
e3“More xylem was colonized in avocado than camphortree (0.9% versus 0.1%, P < 0.03)”
e7“The extent of xylem colonization was recorded as the percentage of lumena that were colonized by the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Swamp bay xylem colonization (0.4%) did not differ significantly from either host.
- Taxon
- swamp bayPersea palustrise4
- Outcome
- colonizatione4
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye4
- Value
- 0.4%e4
- Comparator
- either hoste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“but colonization in swamp bay (0.4%) did not differ significantly from either host”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem colonization was significantly correlated with laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74).
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae5
- Organ / stage
- xyleme5
- Outcome
- laurel wilt severitye5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- r = 0.74e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Although there were significant correlations between xylem colonization and laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74), swamp bay (r = 0.82), and camphortree (r = 0.87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem colonization was significantly correlated with laurel wilt severity in swamp bay (r = 0.82).
- Taxon
- swamp bayPersea palustrise5
- Organ / stage
- xyleme5
- Outcome
- laurel wilt severitye5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- r = 0.82e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Although there were significant correlations between xylem colonization and laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74), swamp bay (r = 0.82), and camphortree (r = 0.87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem colonization was significantly correlated with laurel wilt severity in camphortree (r = 0.87).
- Taxon
- camphortree
_(32109153283).jpg?width=60)
Cinnamomum camphorae5 - Organ / stage
- xyleme5
- Outcome
- laurel wilt severitye5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- r = 0.87e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(32109153283).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“Although there were significant correlations between xylem colonization and laurel wilt severity in avocado (r = 0.74), swamp bay (r = 0.82), and camphortree (r = 0.87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Even severely affected trees of all three species were scarcely colonized by the pathogen.
- Taxon
- Avocado, Swamp Bay, and CamphortreePersea americanaCinnamomum camphoraPersea palustrist0
- Outcome
- scarcely colonized by the pathogene6
- Qualifier
- even severely affected trees of all speciese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Comparing Avocado, Swamp Bay, and Camphortree as Hosts”
e6“even severely affected trees of all species were scarcely colonized by the pathogen”
The same questions in other papers
Harringtonia lauricola · disease · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Harringtonia lauricola · disease · Persea palustris (swamp bay)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.