Abstract
The plant hormone auxin regulates organ initiation, growth, and development. The Auxin Response transcription Factors (ARFs) mediate transcriptional responses to auxin. Under low auxin concentration, the ARF proteins bind Aux/IAA proteins, which inhibit transcription. As auxin concentration is elevated, Aux/IAA proteins are rapidly degraded, thus allowing ARFs to activate target genes. Two closely related ARF genes, ARF6 and ARF8, regulate flower maturation by promoting stamen elongation and gynoecium development. ARF6 and ARF8 are cleavage targets of plant microRNA, miR167. Phenotypes and transcript expression patterns of miR167-insensitive mARF6 and mARF8 transgenic plants showed that miR167 patterns ARF6 and ARF8 transcript distribution in the ovule and in the anther, and this patterning activity is important for development of these two organs. Silencing ARF6 and ARF8 in the style and in the ovule funiculus by expressing a miR167 precursor gene, MIR167a, further showed that ARF6 and ARF8 promote stigmatic papillae elongation and pollen tube growth in these two different floral tissues. To further reveal functions of other ARF genes in flowers, especially during ovule formation, we repressed activity of ARF proteins by expressing a gain-of-function aux/iaa gene in the ovule outer integument and in the funiculus. We found that auxin response in the ovule is important for the asymmetric growth of the outer integument and for differentiation of the entire ovule. These results showed that auxin and the ARFmediated auxin responses regulate multiple aspects of flower development.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ARF6 and ARF8 promote stamen elongation and gynoecium development during flower maturation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- flowere0
- Gene
- ARF6 and ARF8e0
- Outcome
- stamen elongation and gynoecium developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“Two closely related ARF genes, ARF6 and ARF8, regulate flower maturation by promoting stamen elongation and gynoecium development”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF6 and ARF8 are cleavage targets of miR167.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ARF6 and ARF8e0
- Outcome
- cleavage targets of plant microRNA, miR167e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“ARF6 and ARF8 are cleavage targets of plant microRNA, miR167”
Claim · model-written summary
miR167 patterns ARF6 and ARF8 transcript distribution in the ovule and anther.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- ovule and in the anthere0
- Gene
- miR167e0
- Outcome
- ARF6 and ARF8 transcript distributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“miR167 patterns ARF6 and ARF8 transcript distribution in the ovule and in the anther”
Claim · model-written summary
miR167 transcript patterning is important for ovule and anther development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- ovule and in the anthere1
- Gene
- miR167e1
- Outcome
- development of these two organse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“this patterning activity is important for development of these two organs”
e1“miR167 patterns ARF6 and ARF8 transcript distribution in the ovule and in the anther”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF6 and ARF8 promote stigmatic papillae elongation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ARF6 and ARF8e0
- Outcome
- stigmatic papillae elongatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“ARF6 and ARF8 promote stigmatic papillae elongation and pollen tube growth”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF6 and ARF8 promote pollen tube growth in floral tissues.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- floral tissuese0
- Gene
- ARF6 and ARF8e0
- Outcome
- pollen tube growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“ARF6 and ARF8 promote stigmatic papillae elongation and pollen tube growth in these two different floral tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin response in the ovule is important for asymmetric outer integument growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- ovulee0
- Outcome
- asymmetric growth of the outer integumente0
- Qualifier
- auxin responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“auxin response in the ovule is important for the asymmetric growth of the outer integument and for differentiation of the entire ovule”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin response in the ovule is important for differentiation of the entire ovule.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- ovulee0
- Outcome
- differentiation of the entire ovulee0
- Qualifier
- auxin responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis flower development”
e0“auxin response in the ovule is important for the asymmetric growth of the outer integument and for differentiation of the entire ovule”