Abstract
In northwestern Germany, broadcast application of liquid manure usually covers nutrient demand of maize (Zea mays). To compensate for the poor nutrient bioavailability due to low root zone temperatures, farmers additionally apply nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) starters at planting, leading to nutrient balance surpluses and a thread to the environment. In 2013 and 2014 series of field trials was established to test the possibility to replace starters by manure injection in placed bands close to the seedlings. Broadcast (BC) application with side dressed starter fertilizer (23-10 kg N-P ha) was compared to injection treatments (with and without nitrification inhibitor) on seven sites. Plant samples at V8 stage showed reduced growth for injection treatment, compared to broadcast treatment. However, relative to BC, injection with nitrification inhibitor led to equal early growth. At harvest, no differences in yield and quality were observed for BC and injection treatments, but injection treatments showed higher N uptake, being significant for nitrification inhibitor treatment (+7% in 2013 and +6% in 2014, respectively). These results show increased N and P use efficiencies when manure is injected and therefore the possibility to reduce nutrient surpluses in maize growing. Thus, manure injection is beneficial for farmers and environment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Manure injection reduced maize growth at V8 relative to broadcast application.
- Organ / stage
- V8 stagee0
- Treatment
- injection treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- broadcast treatmente0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant samples at V8 stage showed reduced growth for injection treatment, compared to broadcast treatment.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection with nitrification inhibitor gave equal early growth to broadcast application.
- Treatment
- injection with nitrification inhibitore0
- Outcome
- early growthe0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- BCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to BC, injection with nitrification inhibitor led to equal early growth.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest yield did not differ between broadcast and injection treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, no differences in yield and quality were observed for BC and injection treatments”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest quality did not differ between broadcast and injection treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, no differences in yield and quality were observed for BC and injection treatments”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection treatments increased maize nitrogen uptake, significantly with nitrification inhibitor by 7% in 2013.
- Treatment
- nitrification inhibitor treatmente0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +7%e0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
- Comparator
- BCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, no differences in yield and quality were observed for BC and injection treatments, but injection treatments showed higher N uptake, being significant for nitrification inhibitor treatment (+7% in 2013 and +6% in 2014, respectively).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection with nitrification inhibitor increased maize nitrogen uptake by 6% in 2014.
- Treatment
- nitrification inhibitor treatmente0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injection treatments showed higher N uptake, being significant for nitrification inhibitor treatment (+7% in 2013 and +6% in 2014, respectively).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude manure injection increases nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results show increased N and P use efficiencies when manure is injected and therefore the possibility to reduce nutrient surpluses in maize growing.”
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