Abstract
Background and Aims Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and temperature are expected to increase in the next decades. In addition, changes in climate as well as the stratospheric ozone concentration may affect the exposure of viticultural regions to UV-B. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined elevated CO2 and increased temperature (+CO2/+T) regimes and UV-B radiation on anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis in grape berries. Methods and Results Three UV-B doses [0, 5.98 and 9.66 kJ/(m2·d)] and two CO2–day/night temperature regimes (390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°C and 700 μmol/mol CO2–28/18°C) were imposed on Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo fruit-bearing cuttings from fruitset to maturity. Berry mass, composition and expression of selected genes were monitored. The time to reach veraison and maturity was reduced under +CO2/+T. Anthocyanin concentration under +CO2/+T was higher 2 weeks after veraison, but lower at maturity. Ultraviolet-B radiation slowed berry development and upregulated flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Conclusions The effect of UV-B, which modulates the accumulation of sugars and upregulates anthocyanin biosynthesis, compensated the deleterious effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on berry anthocyanin concentration. Significance of the Study Certain viticultural practices, such as leaf removal, that modify the exposure of grapes to UV-B and the leaf surface to fruit mass ratio, may alleviate the effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on grape anthocyanin concentration.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Under +CO2/+T the time to reach veraison and maturity was reduced compared with the 390 μmol/mol CO2 regime.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae3 - Treatment
- +CO2/+Te1
- Outcome
- time to reach veraison and maturitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The time to reach veraison and maturity was reduced under +CO2/+T”
e2“390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°C”
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin concentration under +CO2/+T was higher two weeks after veraison than under the 390 μmol/mol CO2 regime.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae3
- Treatment
- +CO2/+Te4
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin concentratione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- 2 weeks after veraisone4
- Comparator
- 390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
e2“390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°C”
e4“Anthocyanin concentration under +CO2/+T was higher 2 weeks after veraison, but lower at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin concentration under +CO2/+T was lower at maturity than under the 390 μmol/mol CO2 regime.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae3
- Treatment
- +CO2/+Te4
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin concentratione4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Qualifier
- at maturitye4
- Comparator
- 390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
e2“390 μmol/mol CO2–24/14°C”
e4“Anthocyanin concentration under +CO2/+T was higher 2 weeks after veraison, but lower at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultraviolet-B radiation slowed berry development.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae3
- Organ / stage
- berrye5
- Treatment
- Ultraviolet-B radiatione5
- Outcome
- berry developmente5
- Direction
- slowede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
e5“Ultraviolet-B radiation slowed berry development and upregulated flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultraviolet-B radiation upregulated flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae3
- Organ / stage
- berrye5
- Treatment
- Ultraviolet-B radiatione5
- Outcome
- flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesise5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
e5“Ultraviolet-B radiation slowed berry development and upregulated flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B compensated the deleterious effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on berry anthocyanin concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae3
- Organ / stage
- berrye6
- Treatment
- UV-Be6
- Outcome
- berry anthocyanin concentratione6
- Direction
- compensatede6
- Comparator
- elevated CO2 and increased temperaturee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo”
e6“The effect of UV-B, which modulates the accumulation of sugars and upregulates anthocyanin biosynthesis, compensated the deleterious effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on berry anthocyanin concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Viticultural practices such as leaf removal may alleviate the effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on grape anthocyanin concentration.
Verbatim
e7“Certain viticultural practices, such as leaf removal, that modify the exposure of grapes to UV-B and the leaf surface to fruit mass ratio, may alleviate the effect of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on grape anthocyanin concentration”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · quality: phytochemicals · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
uv · quality: phytochemicals · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →radiation · quality: phytochemicals · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.