Abstract
Complementarity and competition among multiple plant species are key to a successful intercropping system. A radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) cover crop may compete with soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when it is incorporated into an intercrop system, although limited research exists in this area. Research was conducted from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate the effect of radish overseeding planting date with or without nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soybean grain yield, radish biomass production, and corn ( Zea mays L.) yield the following year (2013 and 2014). Radish planting date did not affect soybean or corn yields compared to a non‐seeded control. In 2012, radish production with an early planting date (last week of August) and adequate rainfall following overseeding produced greater radish top and tuber biomass compared to other seeding dates. In 2013, a shorter duration drought during August and dry autumn conditions kept radish biomass yields low, while a dense soybean canopy development and low autumn rainfall probably limited radish growth in 2014. Overseeding planting date affected radish biomass production, but had no effect on soybean or corn yields. Based on these results, farmers in northern Missouri seeking maximum cover crop radish yields should overseed radishes into soybean before 1 September when experiencing drought conditions and precipitation is in the forecast.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Radish planting date did not affect soybean yield compared with a non-seeded control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Radish planting datee1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- non‐seeded controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e1“Radish planting date did not affect soybean or corn yields compared to a non‐seeded control”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish planting date did not affect corn yield compared with a non-seeded control.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Radish planting datee1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- non‐seeded controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Radish planting date did not affect soybean or corn yields compared to a non‐seeded control”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2012, an early radish planting date (last week of August) with adequate rainfall produced greater radish top and tuber biomass than other seeding dates.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse2 - Treatment
- early planting date (last week of August)e2
- Outcome
- radish top and tuber biomasse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Qualifier
- adequate rainfall following overseedinge2
- Comparator
- other seeding datese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e2“In 2012, radish production with an early planting date (last week of August) and adequate rainfall following overseeding produced greater radish top and tuber biomass compared to other seeding dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Overseeding planting date affected radish biomass production, without a stated direction.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse3 - Treatment
- Overseeding planting datee3
- Outcome
- radish biomass productione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e3“Overseeding planting date affected radish biomass production”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers in northern Missouri seeking maximum radish cover crop yields should overseed radishes into soybean before 1 September when drought is experienced and rain is forecast.
- Taxon
- radishes
Raphanus sativuse4 - Outcome
- overseed radishes into soybean before 1 Septembere4
- Qualifier
- when experiencing drought conditions and precipitation is in the forecaste4
- Setting
- northern Missourie4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e4“farmers in northern Missouri seeking maximum cover crop radish yields should overseed radishes into soybean before 1 September when experiencing drought conditions and precipitation is in the forecast”
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