Abstract
Abstract “Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers under 3 day/night temperature regimes (27°/13°, 23°/17°, or 20°/20°C) and under enhanced CO 2 (900 μl CO 2 /liter air) at 27°/13°. Three daily light integral treatments, 24.6, 19.8, and 15.1 mol m −2 d −1 , were imposed over each of these 4 treatments. Plants also were grown in a 22714° glasshouse with 2 daily light integral treatments (18.2 or 11.3 mol m −2 d −1 ). A chlormequat (CCC) drench was applied to half of the plants immediately before the treatments were started. For the period between the 6th leaf and visible bud stages, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf weight, shoot dry weight, leaf canopy height, and time to visible bud were determined mostly by daily mean temperature rather than by day or night temperature. Most plant growth characteristics, but not the flower bud development rate from 6th leaf to visible bud, were enhanced by supplemental CO 2 and suppressed by CCC. After reaching the visible bud stage, plants from some treatments were moved into 24715° CE temperature conditions with or without CO 2 , whereas others were moved to a glasshouse until harvest at the 1st floret anthesis stage. Between visible bud and anthesis, CCC was the major factor affecting vegetative growth regardless of whether the plants were with or without supplemental CO 2 in CE rooms, or in a glasshouse. Anthesis was delayed by about 10 days in the glasshouse compared to the CE treatments but was unaffected by CO 2 or CCC treatments. Carbohydrate concentrations were highest (starch 14%, sugar 5%) in plant leaves grown with supplemental CO 2 and without CCC, and lowest with no added CO 2 but with CCC in all CE treatments. The concentrations were reduced (starch 0.5%, sugar 2.5%) in plant leaves grown in a glasshouse from 6th leaf stage to anthesis because of low daily light integrals and no supplemental CO 2 .
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area, leaf area ratio and specific leaf weight of geranium were determined mostly by daily mean temperature rather than day or night temperature.
- Organ / stage
- 6th leaf and visible bud stagese1
- Treatment
- daily mean temperaturee1
- Outcome
- leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf weighte1
- Comparator
- day or night temperaturee1
- Setting
- controlled environment (CE) chamberse0
GeraniumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e1“For the period between the 6th leaf and visible bud stages, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf weight, shoot dry weight, leaf canopy height, and time to visible bud were determined mostly by daily mean temperature rather than by day or night temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight, leaf canopy height and time to visible bud of geranium were determined mostly by daily mean temperature rather than day or night temperature.
- Organ / stage
- 6th leaf and visible bud stagese1
- Treatment
- daily mean temperaturee1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, leaf canopy height, and time to visible bude1
- Comparator
- day or night temperaturee1
- Setting
- controlled environment (CE) chamberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e1“For the period between the 6th leaf and visible bud stages, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf weight, shoot dry weight, leaf canopy height, and time to visible bud were determined mostly by daily mean temperature rather than by day or night temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 enhanced most plant growth characteristics of geranium.
- Treatment
- supplemental CO 2e2
- Outcome
- Most plant growth characteristicse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- controlled environment (CE) chamberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e2“Most plant growth characteristics, but not the flower bud development rate from 6th leaf to visible bud, were enhanced by supplemental CO 2 and suppressed by CCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlormequat (CCC) suppressed most plant growth characteristics of geranium.
- Treatment
- CCCe2
- Outcome
- Most plant growth characteristicse2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Setting
- controlled environment (CE) chamberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e2“Most plant growth characteristics, but not the flower bud development rate from 6th leaf to visible bud, were enhanced by supplemental CO 2 and suppressed by CCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower bud development rate of geranium from 6th leaf to visible bud was not enhanced by supplemental CO2.
- Treatment
- supplemental CO 2e2
- Outcome
- flower bud development ratee2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Setting
- controlled environment (CE) chamberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e2“Most plant growth characteristics, but not the flower bud development rate from 6th leaf to visible bud, were enhanced by supplemental CO 2 and suppressed by CCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Between visible bud and anthesis, CCC was the major factor affecting vegetative growth of geranium, regardless of CO2 or glasshouse conditions.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e3“Between visible bud and anthesis, CCC was the major factor affecting vegetative growth regardless of whether the plants were with or without supplemental CO 2 in CE rooms, or in a glasshouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis of geranium was delayed by about 10 days in the glasshouse compared with the CE treatments.
- Treatment
- glasshousee4
- Outcome
- Anthesise4
- Direction
- delayede4
- Value
- about 10 dayse4
- Comparator
- CE treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e4“Anthesis was delayed by about 10 days in the glasshouse compared to the CE treatments but was unaffected by CO 2 or CCC treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis of geranium was unaffected by CO2 or CCC treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e4“Anthesis was delayed by about 10 days in the glasshouse compared to the CE treatments but was unaffected by CO 2 or CCC treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch concentration in geranium leaves was highest, 14%, with supplemental CO2 and without CCC.
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese5
- Treatment
- supplemental CO 2 and without CCCe5
- Outcome
- starche5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 14%e5
- Comparator
- no added CO 2 but with CCCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e5“Carbohydrate concentrations were highest (starch 14%, sugar 5%) in plant leaves grown with supplemental CO 2 and without CCC, and lowest with no added CO 2 but with CCC in all CE treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar concentration in geranium leaves was highest, 5%, with supplemental CO2 and without CCC.
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese5
- Treatment
- supplemental CO 2 and without CCCe5
- Outcome
- sugare5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 5%e5
- Comparator
- no added CO 2 but with CCCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e5“Carbohydrate concentrations were highest (starch 14%, sugar 5%) in plant leaves grown with supplemental CO 2 and without CCC, and lowest with no added CO 2 but with CCC in all CE treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate concentrations in geranium leaves were lowest with no added CO2 but with CCC in all CE treatments.
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese5
- Treatment
- no added CO 2 but with CCCe5
- Outcome
- Carbohydrate concentrationse5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Comparator
- supplemental CO 2 and without CCCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e5“Carbohydrate concentrations were highest (starch 14%, sugar 5%) in plant leaves grown with supplemental CO 2 and without CCC, and lowest with no added CO 2 but with CCC in all CE treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch concentration in glasshouse-grown geranium leaves was reduced to 0.5% because of low light integrals and no supplemental CO2.
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese6
- Treatment
- glasshousee6
- Outcome
- starche6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 0.5%e6
- Qualifier
- low daily light integrals and no supplemental CO 2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e6“The concentrations were reduced (starch 0.5%, sugar 2.5%) in plant leaves grown in a glasshouse from 6th leaf stage to anthesis because of low daily light integrals and no supplemental CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar concentration in glasshouse-grown geranium leaves was reduced to 2.5%.
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese6
- Treatment
- glasshousee6
- Outcome
- sugare6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 2.5%e6
- Qualifier
- low daily light integrals and no supplemental CO 2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Red Elite” geraniums were grown from the 6th leaf stage until the visible bud stage in controlled environment (CE) chambers”
e6“The concentrations were reduced (starch 0.5%, sugar 2.5%) in plant leaves grown in a glasshouse from 6th leaf stage to anthesis because of low daily light integrals and no supplemental CO 2”
The same questions in other papers
chlormequat chloride · phenology · GeraniumResults differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →co2 · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.