Abstract
The efficacy of eight plant extracts (garlic, clove, garden quinine, Brazilian pepper, anthi mandhaari, black cumin, white cedar and neem) in controlling leaf rust disease of wheat was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, all treatments inhibited spore germination by more than 93%. Neem extract recorded 98.99% inhibition of spore germination with no significant difference from the fungicide Sumi-8 (100%). Under greenhouse conditions, seed soaking application in neem extract (at concentration of 2 ml/L) resulted in 36.82% reduction in the number of pustules/leaf compared with the untreated control. Foliar spraying of plant extracts on wheat seedlings decreased the number of pustules/leaf. Foliar spraying of plant extracts four days after inoculation led to the highest resistance response of wheat plants against leaf rust pathogen. Spray application of wheat seedlings with neem, clove and garden quinine extracts, four days after inoculation with leaf rust pathogen completely prevented rust development (100% disease control) and was comparable with the fungicide Sumi-8. Foliar spray application of wheat plants at mature stage with all plant extracts has significantly reduced the leaf rust infection (average coefficient of infection, ACI) compared with the untreated control and neem was the most effective treatment. This was reflected on grain yield components, whereas the 1000-kernel weight and the test weight were improved whether under one- or two-spray applications, with two-spray application being more effective in this regard. Thus, it could be concluded that plant extracts may be useful to control leaf rust disease in Egypt as a safe alternative option to chemical fungicides.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All eight extract treatments inhibited rust spore germination by more than 93% in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticina
Puccinia triticinat0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- more than 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, all treatments inhibited spore germination by more than 93%”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract inhibited spore germination by 98.99%, statistically similar to Sumi-8 at 100%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Neem extracte0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 98.99%e0
- Qualifier
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- fungicide Sumi-8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem extract recorded 98.99% inhibition of spore germination with no significant difference from the fungicide Sumi-8 (100%)”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed soaking reduced pustules per leaf by 36.82% against untreated greenhouse controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed soaking application in neem extract (at concentration of 2 ml/L)e0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of pustules/leafe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 36.82%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed soaking application in neem extract (at concentration of 2 ml/L) resulted in 36.82% reduction in the number of pustules/leaf compared with the untreated control”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying plant extracts decreased pustules per wheat seedling leaf.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of pustules/leafe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of plant extracts on wheat seedlings decreased the number of pustules/leaf”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying extracts four days after inoculation gave the highest wheat resistance to leaf rust.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of plant extracts four days after inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance responsee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of plant extracts four days after inoculation led to the highest resistance response of wheat plants against leaf rust pathogen”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract sprayed four days after inoculation completely prevented wheat rust development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- neeme0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust developmente0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray application of wheat seedlings with neem, clove and garden quinine extracts, four days after inoculation with leaf rust pathogen completely prevented rust development (100% disease control)”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove extract sprayed four days after inoculation completely prevented wheat rust development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- clovee0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust developmente0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray application of wheat seedlings with neem, clove and garden quinine extracts, four days after inoculation with leaf rust pathogen completely prevented rust development (100% disease control)”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Garden quinine extract sprayed four days after inoculation completely prevented wheat rust development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- garden quininee0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust developmente0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray application of wheat seedlings with neem, clove and garden quinine extracts, four days after inoculation with leaf rust pathogen completely prevented rust development (100% disease control)”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, all foliar extracts significantly reduced leaf rust infection relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- all plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf rust infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray application of wheat plants at mature stage with all plant extracts has significantly reduced the leaf rust infection (average coefficient of infection, ACI) compared with the untreated control”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem was the most effective extract against mature wheat leaf rust.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- neeme0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticinaPuccinia triticinat0pathogen
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem was the most effective treatment”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract spraying improved 1000-kernel weight and test weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- one- or two-spray applicationse0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel weight and the test weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 1000-kernel weight and the test weight were improved whether under one- or two-spray applications”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
Claim · model-written summary
Two extract sprays improved grain weight measures more than one spray.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two-spray applicatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel weight and the test weighte1
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- one- or two-spray applicationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two-spray application being more effective in this regard”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
e1“the 1000-kernel weight and the test weight were improved whether under one- or two-spray applications”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend plant extracts as a safe alternative for wheat leaf rust control in Egypt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- plant extracts may be useful to control leaf rust diseasee0
- Setting
- Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant extracts may be useful to control leaf rust disease in Egypt as a safe alternative option to chemical fungicides”
t0“wheat leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.