Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phytosanitary X-ray irradiation on the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of early- and late-harvest ‘Bartlett’ pears ( Pyrus communis L.) during ripening under simulated commercial conditions. Irradiation delayed ripening, which in turn affected respiration rate, ethylene production, and firmness. Irradiation decreased ethylene production in early- and late-harvest pears and maintained firmness as compared with the control pears. In the early-harvest pears, irradiation did not affect respiration rate, weight loss, or total soluble solids. However, in the late-harvest pears, irradiation resulted in an increase in respiration rate and weight loss and a decrease in total soluble solids. The appearance for irradiated early-harvest pears was rated lower by consumers, but there were no significant differences in the rest of the attributes. Consumers rated the irradiated late-harvest pears lower ( P < 0.05) than the non-treated pears for overall liking, texture, and flavor on a 9-point hedonic scale. Consumers perceived the late-harvest irradiated pears to be less sweet than the control ( P < 0.05), which correlated with total soluble solids of 12.4% for treated pears vs. 13.2% for the control. Our results show that there were significant differences between the early- and late-harvest pears in their responses to irradiation. Although some sensory attributes were negatively affected, the delay in ripening helped reduce bruising and mold development in irradiated pears during the retail display simulation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation delayed ripening of Bartlett pears.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Material
- Bartlettt0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Outcome
- ripeninge1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Irradiation delayed ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation decreased ethylene production in early- and late-harvest Bartlett pears compared with control pears.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Material
- Bartlettt0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione2
- Outcome
- ethylene productione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- early- and late-harvest pearse2
- Comparator
- control pearse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e2“Irradiation decreased ethylene production in early- and late-harvest pears and maintained firmness as compared with the control pears”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation maintained firmness of Bartlett pears compared with control pears.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Material
- Bartlettt0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione2
- Outcome
- firmnesse2
- Direction
- maintainede2
- Comparator
- control pearse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e2“Irradiation decreased ethylene production in early- and late-harvest pears and maintained firmness as compared with the control pears”
Claim · model-written summary
In early-harvest Bartlett pears irradiation did not affect respiration rate, weight loss or total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Treatment
- irradiatione3
- Outcome
- respiration rate, weight loss, or total soluble solidse3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Qualifier
- early-harvest pearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e3“In the early-harvest pears, irradiation did not affect respiration rate, weight loss, or total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
In late-harvest Bartlett pears irradiation increased respiration rate and weight loss.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Treatment
- irradiatione4
- Outcome
- respiration rate and weight losse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- late-harvest pearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e4“in the late-harvest pears, irradiation resulted in an increase in respiration rate and weight loss and a decrease in total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
In late-harvest Bartlett pears irradiation decreased total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Treatment
- irradiatione4
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Qualifier
- late-harvest pearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e4“in the late-harvest pears, irradiation resulted in an increase in respiration rate and weight loss and a decrease in total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumers rated the appearance of irradiated early-harvest Bartlett pears lower.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Material
- early-harvest pearse5
- Treatment
- irradiatede5
- Outcome
- appearancee5
- Direction
- lowere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e5“The appearance for irradiated early-harvest pears was rated lower by consumers”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-harvest irradiated Bartlett pears showed no significant differences in the other sensory attributes.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Treatment
- irradiatede5
- Outcome
- rest of the attributese6
- Direction
- no significant differencese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e5“The appearance for irradiated early-harvest pears was rated lower by consumers”
e6“but there were no significant differences in the rest of the attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumers rated late-harvest irradiated Bartlett pears lower than non-treated pears for overall liking, texture and flavor.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Material
- late-harvest pearse7
- Treatment
- irradiatede7
- Outcome
- overall liking, texture, and flavore7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Qualifier
- on a 9-point hedonic scalee7
- Comparator
- non-treated pearse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e7“Consumers rated the irradiated late-harvest pears lower ( P < 0.05) than the non-treated pears for overall liking, texture, and flavor on a 9-point hedonic scale”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumers perceived late-harvest irradiated Bartlett pears as less sweet than the control.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Material
- late-harveste1
- Treatment
- irradiatede1
- Outcome
- sweete1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Consumers perceived the late-harvest irradiated pears to be less sweet than the control ( P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-harvest irradiated Bartlett pears had 12.4% total soluble solids, compared with 13.2% in the control.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse1
- Value
- 12.4%e1
- Qualifier
- 13.2% for the controle1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“which correlated with total soluble solids of 12.4% for treated pears vs. 13.2% for the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Delay in ripening from irradiation reduced bruising and mold development in irradiated Bartlett pears during retail display simulation.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.Pyrus communist0
- Treatment
- delay in ripeninge1
- Outcome
- bruising and mold developmente1
- Direction
- reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Bartlett’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“the delay in ripening helped reduce bruising and mold development in irradiated pears during the retail display simulation”
The same questions in other papers
stage · growth · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
radiation · quality: postharvest · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.