Abstract
Viruses are one of the most important biotic stresses not only for cultivated plants, but also for wild plants. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have clarified many aspects of viruses. However, only a few studies have been conducted about responses of host plants to viruses, especially for wild plants. I examined the responses of host plants to virus infection using the Eupatorium makinoi-geminivirus system to point out the importance of plant viruses in natural plant communities. Variegated E. makinoi plants caused by geminivirus infection are prevalent in fields in Japan. The natural population of E. makinoi plants rapidly declined after a virus epidemic to the state of near extinction for 8 years. Under controlled environments, inferior performances of virus-infected plants were attributed both to impaired photosynthesis and to a decrease in photosynthetic photon flux density which plants received. Photosynthetic properties of virus-infected leaves were characterized by a preferential loss of LHCII. The preferential loss of LHCII was caused by a decrease in the activity of chlorophyll synthesis. These studies demonstrated that geminivirus plays an important role in determining fitness of E. makinoi plants, which would underlie various ecological and evolutionary processes. It is necessary to link the studies on plant responses and those on viruses to understand the role of plant viruses in ecological and evolutionary processes in natural plant communities.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Geminivirus-associated variegation was prevalent in field E. makinoi in Japan.
- Taxon
- E. makinoi
Eupatorium makinoie0 - Interactor
- geminivirusGeminiviridaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Variegated E. makinoi plantse0
- Setting
- Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variegated E. makinoi plants caused by geminivirus infection are prevalent in fields in Japan.”
Claim · model-written summary
The natural E. makinoi population rapidly fell to near extinction for eight years following a virus epidemic.
- Taxon
- E. makinoiEupatorium makinoie0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- natural population of E. makinoi plantse0
- Direction
- rapidly declinede0
- Value
- 8 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The natural population of E. makinoi plants rapidly declined after a virus epidemic to the state of near extinction for 8 years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inferior performance of infected plants was attributed to impaired photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Eupatorium makinoiEupatorium makinoit0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- inferior performances of virus-infected plantse0
- Qualifier
- impaired photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under controlled environments, inferior performances of virus-infected plants were attributed both to impaired photosynthesis and to a decrease in photosynthetic photon flux density which plants received.”
t0“Eupatorium makinoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Inferior performance of infected plants was also attributed to lower received photosynthetic photon flux density.
- Taxon
- Eupatorium makinoiEupatorium makinoit0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- inferior performances of virus-infected plantse0
- Qualifier
- decrease in photosynthetic photon flux densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under controlled environments, inferior performances of virus-infected plants were attributed both to impaired photosynthesis and to a decrease in photosynthetic photon flux density which plants received.”
t0“Eupatorium makinoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-infected leaves had preferential loss of LHCII.
- Taxon
- Eupatorium makinoiEupatorium makinoit0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- LHCIIe0
- Outcome
- preferential loss of LHCIIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic properties of virus-infected leaves were characterized by a preferential loss of LHCII.”
t0“Eupatorium makinoi”
Claim · model-written summary
The preferential loss of LHCII was attributed to decreased chlorophyll synthesis activity.
- Taxon
- Eupatorium makinoiEupatorium makinoit0
- Gene
- LHCIIe0
- Outcome
- preferential loss of LHCIIe0
- Qualifier
- decrease in the activity of chlorophyll synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preferential loss of LHCII was caused by a decrease in the activity of chlorophyll synthesis.”
t0“Eupatorium makinoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Geminivirus was interpreted as an important determinant of E. makinoi fitness.
- Taxon
- E. makinoiEupatorium makinoie0
- Interactor
- geminivirusGeminiviridaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- fitness of E. makinoi plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These studies demonstrated that geminivirus plays an important role in determining fitness of E. makinoi plants, which would underlie various ecological and evolutionary processes.”