Abstract
In this study, the allelopathic potential of dehulled rice, rice, and hulls of rice on germination of weeds was evaluated in laboratory. Phenolic acids in growth media of these plants were also identified and quantified using HPLC. Identified allelochemicals were reversely tested for phytotoxic effects on germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass, lettuce, radish and rice. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of dehulled rice were stronger than those of hulls and rice. Dehulled rice caused 66.7% and 50.6% reduction in radish root length and lettuce shoot height, respectively. Dehulled rice showed strong inhibitory effects on root length of lettuce and shoot height of radish while hulls and rice exhibited stimulation. Regarding phenolic identification, vanillin and vanillic acid were detected as allelochemicals in root exudates of rice and tested plants. The results revealed that most of the vanillin and vanillic acid treatments showed high inhibitory effects on germination rates and seedling growth of lettuce and radish, high stimulatory activity on root elongation of rice. Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm), vanillin (100 ppm) and their mixture (200 ppm) completely inhibited survival of lettuce. The findings indicate the allelopathic potential of dehulled rice which can be used for identification of more phytotoxins to produce bioherbicides in agricultural practices.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Dehulled rice inhibited test plants more strongly than rice hulls or rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- dehulled ricee0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- hulls and ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibitory effects of dehulled rice were stronger than those of hulls and rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehulled rice reduced radish root length by 66.7%.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Dehulled ricee0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dehulled rice caused 66.7% and 50.6% reduction in radish root length and lettuce shoot height, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehulled rice reduced lettuce shoot height by 50.6%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Dehulled ricee0
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dehulled rice caused 66.7% and 50.6% reduction in radish root length and lettuce shoot height, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehulled rice inhibited lettuce root length.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Dehulled ricee0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dehulled rice showed strong inhibitory effects on root length of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehulled rice inhibited radish shoot height.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- Dehulled ricee0
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dehulled rice showed strong inhibitory effects on root length of lettuce and shoot height of radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice hulls stimulated lettuce root length and radish shoot height.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- hullse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length of lettuce and shoot height of radish while hulls and rice exhibited stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice stimulated lettuce root length.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- ricee0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length of lettuce and shoot height of radish while hulls and rice exhibited stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanillin and vanillic acid were detected in root exudates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- vanillin and vanillic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vanillin and vanillic acid were detected as allelochemicals in root exudates of rice and tested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Most vanillin treatments inhibited lettuce and radish germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vanilline0
- Outcome
- germination rates and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the vanillin and vanillic acid treatments showed high inhibitory effects on germination rates and seedling growth of lettuce and radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Most vanillic acid treatments inhibited radish germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- vanillic acide0
- Outcome
- germination rates and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the vanillin and vanillic acid treatments showed high inhibitory effects on germination rates and seedling growth of lettuce and radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanillin and vanillic acid treatments stimulated rice root elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- vanillin and vanillic acid treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vanillin and vanillic acid treatments showed high inhibitory effects on germination rates and seedling growth of lettuce and radish, high stimulatory activity on root elongation of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanillic acid at 100 and 200 ppm completely inhibited lettuce survival.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm), vanillin (100 ppm) and their mixture (200 ppm) completely inhibited survival of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanillin at 100 ppm completely inhibited lettuce survival.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- vanillin (100 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm), vanillin (100 ppm) and their mixture (200 ppm) completely inhibited survival of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 ppm mixture completely inhibited lettuce survival.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- their mixture (200 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm), vanillin (100 ppm) and their mixture (200 ppm) completely inhibited survival of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest dehulled rice may help identify phytotoxins for agricultural bioherbicides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- identification of more phytotoxins to produce bioherbicidese0
- Qualifier
- allelopathic potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the allelopathic potential of dehulled rice which can be used for identification of more phytotoxins to produce bioherbicides in agricultural practices”
The same questions in other papers
vanillic acid · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Oryza sativa · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
vanillic acid · survival · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
vanillin · survival · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
vanillin · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Oryza sativa · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.