Abstract
Abstract The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say 1823), is a major pest of stone fruit trees in North America. Current management relies upon preventative control using broad-spectrum chemical insecticides, primarily chlorpyrifos, applied in the late summer or early fall. However, due to missed applications, poor application timing, or other factors, high levels of S. exitiosa infestation may still occur and persist through the following spring. Curative treatments applied in the spring to established infestations would limit damage to the tree and prevent the next generation of S. exitiosa from emerging within the orchard. However, such curative measures for control of S. exitiosa do not exist. Our objective was to measure the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae , as a curative control for existing infestations of S. exitiosa . In peach orchards, spring applications of S. carpocapsae (obtained from a commercial source) were made to infested trees and compared with chlorpyrifos and a water-only control in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, types of spray equipment were compared: nematodes were applied via boom sprayer, handgun, or trunk sprayer. To control for effects of application method or nematode source, in vivo laboratory-grown S. carpocapsae , applied using a watering can, was also included. Treatment effects were assessed 39 d (2014) or 19 d (2015) later by measuring percentage of trees still infested, and also number of surviving S. exitiosa larvae per tree. Results indicated that S. carpocapsae provided significant curative control (e.g., >80% corrected control for the handgun application). In contrast, chlorpyrifos failed to reduce S. exitiosa infestations or number of surviving larvae. In most comparisons, no effect of nematode application method was detected; in one assessment, only the handgun and watering can methods reduced infestation. In conclusion, our study indicates that S. carpocapsae may be used as an effective curative measure for S. exitiosa infestations.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Spring applications of Steinernema carpocapsae to infested peach trees gave significant curative control of the peachtree borer, above 80% corrected control for the handgun application, relative to a water-only control.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae1 - Treatment
- S. carpocapsaee0
- Interactor
- Peachtree Borer
Synanthedon exitiosat0pest - Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
Steinernema carpocapsaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- curative controle0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- >80%e0
- Qualifier
- for the handgun applicatione0
- Comparator
- water-only controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peachtree Borer”
e0“Results indicated that S. carpocapsae provided significant curative control (e.g., >80% corrected control for the handgun application)”
e1“In peach orchards”
e2“made to infested trees and compared with chlorpyrifos and a water-only control in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos did not reduce peachtree borer infestations or the number of surviving larvae compared with the water-only control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- S. exitiosaSynanthedon exitiosae0pest
- Outcome
- S. exitiosa infestations or number of surviving larvaee0
- Direction
- failed to reducee0
- Comparator
- water-only controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peachtree Borer”
e0“In contrast, chlorpyrifos failed to reduce S. exitiosa infestations or number of surviving larvae”
e1“In peach orchards”
e2“made to infested trees and compared with chlorpyrifos and a water-only control in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
In most comparisons no effect of nematode application method was detected.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- nematode application methode0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most comparisons, no effect of nematode application method was detected”
e1“In peach orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In one assessment only the handgun and watering can methods reduced infestation.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- handgun and watering can methodse0
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in one assessment, only the handgun and watering can methods reduced infestation”
e1“In peach orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that S. carpocapsae may be used as an effective curative measure against S. exitiosa infestations.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae1
- Interactor
- S. exitiosaSynanthedon exitiosae0pest
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- effective curative measure for S. exitiosa infestationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, our study indicates that S. carpocapsae may be used as an effective curative measure for S. exitiosa infestations”
e1“In peach orchards”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · Synanthedon exitiosa · Prunus persica (peach)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
irrigation · pest · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.