Abstract
BACKGROUND: The importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for nutrient uptake and growth in rice has been widely recognized. However, little is known about the distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in rice under AMF inoculation, which can affect grain yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of C and N within rice plants under AMF inoculation and the effects on grain yield and quality. RESULTS: AMF inoculation significantly increased N accumulation and distribution in vegetative tissues at tillering, and N translocation into seeds from heading to maturity. Consequently, AMF inoculation more strongly impacted the distribution of N than that of C in seeds, with significantly reduced C:N ratios and increased protein content (by 7.4%). Additionally, AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 28.2% through increasing the grain:straw ratio by 18.4%. In addition, the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution, with significantly higher C concentrations, C accumulations, and C:N ratios at tillering and maturity. CONCLUSION: AMF inoculation affected the distribution of N in seeds and C in roots. As such, AMF inoculation may be a potential method for improving grain yield and quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly increased nitrogen accumulation and distribution in vegetative tissues at tillering.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- vegetative tissues at tilleringe0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- N accumulation and distributione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased N accumulation and distribution in vegetative tissues at tillering”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased nitrogen translocation into seeds from heading to maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seeds from heading to maturitye0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- N translocation into seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased N accumulation and distribution in vegetative tissues at tillering, and N translocation into seeds from heading to maturity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation affected nitrogen distribution more strongly than carbon distribution in seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- distribution of Ne0
- Direction
- more strongly impactede0
- Comparator
- that of Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation more strongly impacted the distribution of N than that of C in seeds”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly reduced seed carbon to nitrogen ratios.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- C:N ratiose0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation more strongly impacted the distribution of N than that of C in seeds, with significantly reduced C:N ratios”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased seed protein content by 7.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased protein content (by 7.4%)”
e1“AMF inoculation more strongly impacted the distribution of N than that of C in seeds”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly increased rice grain yield by 28.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 28.2%”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased the grain to straw ratio by 18.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain:straw ratioe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 18.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 28.2% through increasing the grain:straw ratio by 18.4%”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice roots showed a greater change in carbon distribution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- C distributione0
- Direction
- greater changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice roots had significantly higher carbon concentrations at tillering and maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- C concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution, with significantly higher C concentrations, C accumulations, and C:N ratios at tillering and maturity.”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice roots had significantly higher carbon accumulations at tillering and maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- C accumulationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution, with significantly higher C concentrations, C accumulations, and C:N ratios at tillering and maturity.”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated rice roots had significantly higher carbon to nitrogen ratios at tillering and maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- C:N ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of inoculated rice exhibited greater change in C distribution, with significantly higher C concentrations, C accumulations, and C:N ratios at tillering and maturity.”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly increased grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest AMF inoculation as a potential method to improve rice grain yield and quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- improving grain yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation may be a potential method for improving grain yield and quality.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.