Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine tolerance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in different concentrations of Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Mn, and Pb and to evaluate the PGPR-modulated bioavailability of different heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil and wheat tissues, grown in saline sodic soil. Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas moraviensis were isolated from Cenchrus ciliaris L. growing in the Khewra salt range. Seven-day-old cultures of PGPR were applied on wheat as single inoculum, co-inoculation and carrier-based biofertilizer (using maize straw and sugarcane husk as carrier). At 100 ppm of Cr and Cu, the survival rates of rhizobacteria were decreased by 40%. Single inoculation of PGPR decreased 50% of Co, Ni, Cr and Mn concentrations in the rhizosphere soil. Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively. The maximum decrease in biological concentration factor (BCF) was observed for Cd, Co, Cr, and Mn. P. moraviensis inoculation decreases the biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) as well as translocation factor (TF) for Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Ni. The PGPR inoculation minimized the deleterious effects of heavy metals, and the addition of carriers further assisted the PGPR.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 ppm of Cr and Cu, rhizobacteria survival rates decreased by 40 per cent.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 100 ppm of Cr and Cue1
- Interactor
- rhizobacteriaHyphomicrobialese1symbiont
- Outcome
- survival rates of rhizobacteriae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e1“At 100 ppm of Cr and Cu, the survival rates of rhizobacteria were decreased by 40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation decreased Co, Ni and Cr concentrations by 50% in rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Single inoculation of PGPRe2
- Interactor
- PGPRe2symbiont
- Outcome
- Co, Ni, Cre2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 50%e2
- Qualifier
- in the rhizosphere soile2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e2“Single inoculation of PGPR decreased 50% of Co, Ni, Cr and Mn concentrations in the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Single PGPR inoculation decreased Mn concentration by 50% in rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Single inoculation of PGPRe2
- Interactor
- PGPRe2symbiont
- Outcome
- Mn concentrationse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 50%e2
- Qualifier
- in the rhizosphere soile2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e2“Single inoculation of PGPR decreased 50% of Co, Ni, Cr and Mn concentrations in the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with biofertilizer further decreased Co, Ni and Cr concentrations by 15 per cent over single inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatmente3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Outcome
- Co, Ni, Cre3
- Direction
- further augmentede3
- Value
- 15%e3
- Comparator
- single inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e3“Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with biofertilizer further decreased Mn concentration by 15 per cent over single inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatmente3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Outcome
- Mne3
- Direction
- further augmentede3
- Value
- 15%e3
- Comparator
- single inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e3“Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with biofertilizer decreased Pb concentration by 40 per cent compared with single inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatmente3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Outcome
- Pbe3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Value
- 40%e3
- Comparator
- single inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e3“Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with biofertilizer decreased Co concentration by 77 per cent compared with single inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatmente3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Outcome
- Coe3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Value
- 77%e3
- Comparator
- single inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e3“Co-inoculation of PGPR and biofertilizer treatment further augmented the decreases by 15% in Co, Ni, Cr and Mn over single inoculation except Pb and Co where decreases were 40% and 77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum decrease in biological concentration factor in wheat was for Cd, Co, Cr and Mn.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- Cd, Co, Cr, and Mne4
- Outcome
- biological concentration factor (BCF)e4
- Direction
- maximum decreasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e4“The maximum decrease in biological concentration factor (BCF) was observed for Cd, Co, Cr, and Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
P. moraviensis inoculation decreased the biological accumulation coefficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P. moraviensis inoculatione5
- Interactor
- P. moraviensisPseudomonas moraviensise5symbiont
- Compound
- Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Nie5
- Outcome
- biological accumulation coefficient (BAC)e5
- Direction
- decreasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e5“P. moraviensis inoculation decreases the biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) as well as translocation factor (TF) for Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Ni”
Claim · model-written summary
P. moraviensis inoculation decreased the translocation factor for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P. moraviensis inoculatione5
- Interactor
- P. moraviensisPseudomonas moraviensise5symbiont
- Compound
- Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Nie5
- Outcome
- translocation factor (TF)e5
- Direction
- decreasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e5“P. moraviensis inoculation decreases the biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) as well as translocation factor (TF) for Cd, Cr, Cu Mn, and Ni”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation minimized the deleterious effects of heavy metals on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR inoculatione6
- Interactor
- PGPRe6symbiont
- Outcome
- deleterious effects of heavy metalse6
- Direction
- minimizede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e6“The PGPR inoculation minimized the deleterious effects of heavy metals, and the addition of carriers further assisted the PGPR”
Claim · model-written summary
The addition of carriers further assisted PGPR in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- addition of carrierse6
- Interactor
- PGPRe6symbiont
- Outcome
- the PGPRe6
- Direction
- further assistede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“effects on wheat grown in saline sodic field”
e6“The PGPR inoculation minimized the deleterious effects of heavy metals, and the addition of carriers further assisted the PGPR”
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