Abstract
A tub experiment was conducted to assess the effect of exogenously applied trehalose (0, 10, and 20 mM) on various attributes of two rice cultivars (Bas-385 and Bas-2000) under salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM). Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity. Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield. Yield was not obtained at 150 mM salt stress. The rice cultivar Bas-2000 showed better performance with respect to gas exchange attributes and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Overall, varying levels of foliar-applied trehalose proved to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of salt stress on rice.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased growth.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased gas exchange characteristics.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- gas exchange characteristicse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased shoot and root potassium (K+) ions.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root potassium (K+) ionse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased activity of catalase (CAT).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- activity of catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased yield attributes.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased chlorophyll contents.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased malondialdehyde (MDA).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased glycinebetain (GB).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- glycinebetain (GB)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased free proline.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- free prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased peroxidase (POD) activity.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K+) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved GB.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- GBe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved superoxide dismutase (SOD).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied trehalose improved yield.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
No rice yield was obtained under 150 mM salt stress.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 mM salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- not obtainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield was not obtained at 150 mM salt stress.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
trehalose · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
trehalose · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
trehalose · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
trehalose · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: gas exchange · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →salinity · physiology: osmolytes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.