Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization and cane density management are the most critical factors in the commercial production of red raspberries. In general, little is known about these factors in relation to primocane bearing red raspberries and their effect on fruit yield. In two separate experiments, four levels of nitrogen and four levels of cane density were investigated on 2 primocane bearing red raspberries, Rubus strigosus, selections "8008" and "8114", respectively. The experiments were conducted at three sites in Manitoba: a clay soil at St-Adolphe, a clay-loam soil at Morden, and a sandy soil at Souris. In the second year of the study (1991), only the latter two sites were used. A nitrogen response experiment was repeated in a soilless medium in a green house in 1991. Parameters investigated included number of flowers per lateral and per cane, fruit, set, fruit yield (per cane and per plot), number of fruits per lateral, fruit size, fruit dry weight, cane height, cane diameter, number of nodes per cane, internode lengths, number of laterals per cane, length of laterals and lateral branch angle. High nitrogen and row cane density had similar effects on fruit yield components: canes were larger in diameter, and the canes had more laterals which were progressively longer towards the bottom of the cane. At high cane density the relationship of lateral length from the tip to the bottom of the cane was curvilinear. The lateral branch angle increased with cane density. similarly, both high nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of laterals and the proportion of cane that fruited. High nitrogen increased cane height while row cane density decreased cane height. Nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of fruits per lateral and per cane, fruit size and fruit yield per cane. Nitrogen increased the overall fruit yield by as much as 3 times on the sandy soils but had less effect on clay-loam soils. In the cane density study, although overall fruit yield increased with increasing cane density, the increases were not significant due to the greater productivity of individual canes at row cane density. The increase in overall fruit yield stabilised at high cane density and there was a tendency for it to decrease after an optimum number of canes per meter row was reached. The application of nitrogen increased fruit yietds significantly. It can be concluded that nitrogen fertilization and cane density management could improve yield component, performance and the yield potential of primocane bearing red raspberries.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen enlarged cane diameter and increased the number and basal length of laterals.
- Taxon
- red raspberries
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=60)
Rubus idaeust0 - Treatment
- High nitrogene0
- Outcome
- canes were larger in diameter, and the canes had more laterals which were progressively longer towards the bottom of the canee0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“High nitrogen and row cane density had similar effects on fruit yield components: canes were larger in diameter, and the canes had more laterals which were progressively longer towards the bottom of the cane.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
High row cane density enlarged cane diameter and increased the number and basal length of laterals.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- row cane densitye0
- Outcome
- canes were larger in diameter, and the canes had more laterals which were progressively longer towards the bottom of the canee0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High nitrogen and row cane density had similar effects on fruit yield components: canes were larger in diameter, and the canes had more laterals which were progressively longer towards the bottom of the cane.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
At high cane density, lateral length along the cane followed a curvilinear pattern.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- high cane densitye0
- Outcome
- relationship of lateral length from the tip to the bottom of the cane was curvilineare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high cane density the relationship of lateral length from the tip to the bottom of the cane was curvilinear.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral branch angle increased with cane density.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- cane densitye0
- Outcome
- lateral branch anglee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lateral branch angle increased with cane density.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased the number of laterals and proportion of fruiting cane.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- high nitrogene0
- Outcome
- number of laterals and the proportion of cane that fruitede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both high nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of laterals and the proportion of cane that fruited.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Low cane density increased the number of laterals and proportion of fruiting cane.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- low cane densitye0
- Outcome
- number of laterals and the proportion of cane that fruitede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both high nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of laterals and the proportion of cane that fruited.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased cane height.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- High nitrogene0
- Outcome
- cane heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High nitrogen increased cane height while row cane density decreased cane height.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Row cane density decreased cane height.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- row cane densitye0
- Outcome
- cane heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High nitrogen increased cane height while row cane density decreased cane height.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased fruits per lateral and cane, fruit size, and yield per cane.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- number of fruits per lateral and per cane, fruit size and fruit yield per canee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of fruits per lateral and per cane, fruit size and fruit yield per cane.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Low cane density increased fruits per lateral and cane, fruit size, and yield per cane.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- low cane densitye0
- Outcome
- number of fruits per lateral and per cane, fruit size and fruit yield per canee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and low cane density increased the number of fruits per lateral and per cane, fruit size and fruit yield per cane.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased overall fruit yield as much as threefold on sandy soils, with less effect on clay-loam soils.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- overall fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3 timese0
- Qualifier
- less effect on clay-loam soilse0
- Setting
- sandy soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased the overall fruit yield by as much as 3 times on the sandy soils but had less effect on clay-loam soils.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall fruit yield increased with cane density, but the increase was not significant.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- increasing cane densitye0
- Outcome
- overall fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although overall fruit yield increased with increasing cane density, the increases were not significant due to the greater productivity of individual canes at row cane density.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall fruit yield stabilized at high cane density and tended to decline above an optimum density.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- high cane densitye0
- Outcome
- overall fruit yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- after an optimum number of canes per meter row was reachede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in overall fruit yield stabilised at high cane density and there was a tendency for it to decrease after an optimum number of canes per meter row was reached.”
t0“red Raspberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application significantly increased fruit yields.
- Taxon
- red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
- Treatment
- application of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- fruit yietdse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of nitrogen increased fruit yietds significantly.”
t0“red Raspberries”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Rubus idaeus (red raspberry)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →nitrogen · growth · Rubus idaeus (red raspberry)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.