Abstract
New shoot growth of Carpinus betulus `fastigiata' was treated with stockplant etiolation and stem banding treatments and sampled for anatomical study at intervals over a 16-week period of greening following etiolation. Shading effects on the anatomy of the stem were also investigated. Numerous anatomical changes were noted with stem age and stockplant treatment. Among these were etiolation effects on the lignification of the secondary xylem, thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma, Stem banding increased the widths of the cortex and pith. Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers. Using multiple linear regression methods rooting capacity was modelled best by linear combinations of the widths of the pith, non-lignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining non-sclerified. It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential. The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated and/or banded stems.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Stem anatomy changed with age and stockplant treatment.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulust0 - Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- anatomical changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Numerous anatomical changes were noted with stem age and stockplant treatment.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolation affected lignification of secondary xylem and periderm thickness.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- etiolatione0
- Outcome
- lignification of the secondary xylem, thickness of the periderme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“etiolation effects on the lignification of the secondary xylem, thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolation increased sclereid free gaps in perivascular sclerenchyma.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Outcome
- percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchymae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem banding increased cortex and pith widths.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- Stem bandinge0
- Outcome
- widths of the cortex and pithe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem banding increased the widths of the cortex and pith.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolation significantly affected rooting percentages and root numbers.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- etiolatione0
- Outcome
- rooting percentages and root numberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly affected rooting percentages and root numbers.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- rooting percentages and root numberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Banding significantly affected rooting percentages and root numbers.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- bandinge0
- Outcome
- rooting percentages and root numberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Rooting capacity was best modeled by linear combinations of five stem anatomy measures.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Outcome
- rooting capacitye0
- Comparator
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rooting capacity was modelled best by linear combinations of the widths of the pith, non-lignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining non-sclerified.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that sclereid development at potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Organ / stage
- potential rooting sitese0
- Outcome
- rooting potentiale0
- Direction
- reducese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Excluding light retarded sclereid development by up to 3 months.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Treatment
- exclusion of lighte0
- Outcome
- sclereid developmente0
- Direction
- retardse0
- Value
- up to 3 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated and/or banded stems.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated or banded stems had increased rooting potential.
- Taxon
- Carpinus betulusCarpinus betulust0
- Outcome
- rooting potentiale0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated and/or banded stems.”
t0“STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA”