Abstract
To supplement human dietary nutrition, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on grain and flour protein contents and especially on the bioavailability of zinc (Zn). A field experiment of winter wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 kg/ha) was conducted from 2013 to 2015. The grain yield increased with P application but was not further enhanced when P rates exceeded 50 kg/ha. As P application increased, the protein concentration in grain and standard flour and the viscosity of standard flour decreased. Phosphorus and phytic acid (PA) concentrations in grain and flours increased and then plateaued, whereas Zn concentration decreased and then plateaued as P application increased from 0 to 100 kg/ha. Estimated Zn bioavailability in grain and flours decreased as P application increased from 0 to 100 kg/ha and then plateaued. Estimated Zn bioavailability was greater in standard flour, bread flour, and refined flour than in grain or coarse flour. Phosphorus supply in the intensive cropping of wheat can be optimized to simultaneously obtain high grain yields, high grain and flour protein contents, and high Zn bioavailability.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased with P application.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 50 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield increased with P application but was not further enhanced when P rates exceeded 50 kg/ha.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was not further enhanced above 50 kg/ha P.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P rates exceeded 50 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not further enhancede0
- Comparator
- 50 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield increased with P application but was not further enhanced when P rates exceeded 50 kg/ha.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein concentration in grain and standard flour declined as P rose.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein concentration in grain and standard floure0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As P application increased, the protein concentration in grain and standard flour and the viscosity of standard flour decreased.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard flour viscosity declined as P rose.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- viscosity of standard floure0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As P application increased, the protein concentration in grain and standard flour and the viscosity of standard flour decreased.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and phytic acid in grain and flours rose then plateaued.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus and phytic acid (PA) concentrations in grain and flourse0
- Direction
- increased and then plateauede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield increased with P application but was not further enhanced when P rates exceeded 50 kg/ha. As P application increased, the protein concentration in grain and standard flour and the viscosity of standard flour decreased. Phosphorus and phytic acid (PA) concentrations in grain and flours increased and then plateaued”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn concentration declined then plateaued as P rose.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- decreased and then plateauede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn concentration decreased and then plateaued as P application increased from 0 to 100 kg/ha”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated Zn bioavailability declined then plateaued as P rose.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- Estimated Zn bioavailability in grain and flourse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Estimated Zn bioavailability in grain and flours decreased as P application increased from 0 to 100 kg/ha and then plateaued.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated Zn bioavailability was greater in standard, bread and refined flour than in grain or coarse flour.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Estimated Zn bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- grain or coarse floure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Estimated Zn bioavailability was greater in standard flour, bread flour, and refined flour than in grain or coarse flour.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply can be optimized for yield, protein and Zn bioavailability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus supply in the intensive cropping of wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus supply in the intensive cropping of wheat can be optimized to simultaneously obtain high grain yields, high grain and flour protein contents, and high Zn bioavailability.”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
523 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
568 papers more in this group
See all 572 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.