Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a beneficial element for some plant species, especially when used at low concentrations. Though some transcription factors are induced by exposure to this element, no data indicate that Al regulates the expression of NAC genes in rice. In this study we tested the effect of applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars: Cotaxtla, Tres Ríos, Huimanguillo and Temporalero, grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions. Twenty days after treatment, we observed that Al enhanced growth in the four cultivars studied. On average, plants grown in the presence of Al produced 140% more root dry biomass and were 30% taller than control plants. Cotaxtla and Temporalero showed double the root length, while Huimanguillo and Cotaxtla had three times more root fresh biomass and 2.5 times more root dry biomass. Huimanguillo plants showed 1.5 times more shoot height, while Cotaxtla had almost double the root dry biomass. With the exception of Tres Ríos, the rest of the cultivars had almost double the chlorophyll concentration when treated with Al, whereas amino acid and proline concentrations were not affected by Al. Sugar concentration was also increased in plants treated with Al, almost 11-fold in comparison to the control. Furthermore, we observed a synergic response of Al application on P and K concentration in roots, and on Mg concentration in shoots. Twenty-four hours after Al treatment, NAC transcription factors gene expression was measured in roots by quantitative RT-PCR. Of the 57 NAC transcription factors genes primer-pairs tested, we could distinguish that 44% (25 genes) showed different expression patterns among rice cultivars, with most of the genes induced in Cotaxtla and Temporalero plants. Of the 25 transcription factors up-regulated, those showing differential expression mostly belonged to the NAM subfamily (56 %). We conclude that Al improves growth, increases sugar concentration, P and K concentrations in roots, and Mg concentration in shoots, and report, for the first time, that Al differentially regulates the expression of NAC transcription factors in rice.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased root dry biomass by 140% on average versus controls.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)
Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1 - Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 140%e0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“On average, plants grown in the presence of Al produced 140% more root dry biomass and were 30% taller than control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-treated rice plants were 30% taller on average than controls.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“On average, plants grown in the presence of Al produced 140% more root dry biomass and were 30% taller than control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotaxtla root length doubled with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Cotaxtlae0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Cotaxtla and Temporalero showed double the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Temporalero root length doubled with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Temporaleroe0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Cotaxtla and Temporalero showed double the root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Huimanguillo root fresh biomass tripled with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Huimanguilloe0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- three timese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Huimanguillo and Cotaxtla had three times more root fresh biomass and 2.5 times more root dry biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotaxtla root fresh biomass tripled with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Cotaxtlae0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- three timese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Huimanguillo and Cotaxtla had three times more root fresh biomass and 2.5 times more root dry biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Huimanguillo root dry biomass was 2.5 times greater with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Huimanguilloe0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.5 timese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Huimanguillo and Cotaxtla had three times more root fresh biomass and 2.5 times more root dry biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotaxtla root dry biomass was 2.5 times greater with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Cotaxtlae0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.5 timese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Huimanguillo and Cotaxtla had three times more root fresh biomass and 2.5 times more root dry biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Huimanguillo shoot height was 1.5 times greater with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Huimanguilloe0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1.5 timese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Huimanguillo plants showed 1.5 times more shoot height”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotaxtla root dry biomass was almost doubled with Al.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Cotaxtlae0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- root dry biomasse0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Qualifier
- almoste0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Cotaxtla had almost double the root dry biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al almost doubled chlorophyll concentration in cultivars other than Tres Ríos.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Qualifier
- With the exception of Tres Ríose0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“With the exception of Tres Ríos, the rest of the cultivars had almost double the chlorophyll concentration when treated with Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Al did not affect amino acid and proline concentrations.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- amino acid and proline concentrationse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“amino acid and proline concentrations were not affected by Al.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased sugar concentration nearly 11-fold versus control.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- Sugar concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11-folde0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Sugar concentration was also increased in plants treated with Al, almost 11-fold in comparison to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased root P and K concentrations.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- P and K concentration in rootse0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“we observed a synergic response of Al application on P and K concentration in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased shoot Mg concentration.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- Mg concentration in shootse0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“and on Mg concentration in shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al elicited cultivar-dependent NAC transcription factor expression patterns in 25 of 57 tested genes.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Gene
- NAC transcription factorse0
- Outcome
- different expression patternse0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 genese0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Of the 57 NAC transcription factors genes primer-pairs tested, we could distinguish that 44% (25 genes) showed different expression patterns among rice cultivars, with most of the genes induced in Cotaxtla and Temporalero plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differentially expressed NAC genes were induced in Cotaxtla and Temporalero.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Material
- Cotaxtla and Temporaleroe0
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Outcome
- genes inducede0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“with most of the genes induced in Cotaxtla and Temporalero plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differentially expressed up-regulated NAC transcription factors belonged to the NAM subfamily (56%).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica)Oryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 200 µM Ale1
- Gene
- NAM subfamilye0
- Outcome
- belonged to the NAM subfamilye0
- Value
- 56 %e0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“applying 0 and 200 µM Al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of NAC transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) cultivars”
e0“Of the 25 transcription factors up-regulated, those showing differential expression mostly belonged to the NAM subfamily (56 %).”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.