Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2010 to determine crop tolerance and weed control efficacy of the POST herbicides bentazon, flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen applied to direct-seeded dry bulb onions on organic soil. Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1 resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages and provided good control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarters. Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury than oxyfluorfen SC, but there was no difference in onion yield among the treatments. Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury and no yield reduction. Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, or S -metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury and yield reduction. Flumioxazin plus S -metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, or pendimethalin improved ladysthumb control in one of two years. Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha −1 produced moderate onion injury and did not control yellow nutsedge adequately. Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1 provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai/ha caused less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae1 - Treatment
- Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1e1
- Outcome
- onion injurye1
- Direction
- less thane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1 resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai/ha provided good control of ladysthumb in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1e1
- Interactor
- ladysthumbe1weed
- Outcome
- control of ladysthumbe1
- Direction
- goode1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1 resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages and provided good control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarters”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai/ha provided good control of common lambsquarters in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1e1
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume1weed - Outcome
- control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarterse1
- Direction
- goode1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha −1 resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages and provided good control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarters”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury to onion than oxyfluorfen SC.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Oxyfluorfen ECe1
- Outcome
- visual injurye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- oxyfluorfen SCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury than oxyfluorfen SC, but there was no difference in onion yield among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no difference in onion yield among the oxyfluorfen EC and SC treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Oxyfluorfen ECe1
- Outcome
- onion yielde1
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Comparator
- oxyfluorfen SCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury than oxyfluorfen SC, but there was no difference in onion yield among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin at 0.036 or 0.072 kg ai/ha alone or with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACSe1
- Outcome
- onion injurye1
- Direction
- minimale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury and no yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin at 0.036 or 0.072 kg ai/ha alone or with pendimethalin ACS caused no onion yield reduction.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACSe1
- Outcome
- yield reductione1
- Direction
- no yield reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury and no yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin tank-mixed with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC or S-metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, or S -metolachlor ECe1
- Outcome
- onion injurye1
- Direction
- significante1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, or S -metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury and yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin tank-mixed with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC or S-metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion yield reduction.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, or S -metolachlor ECe1
- Outcome
- yield reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, or S -metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury and yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin plus S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P or pendimethalin improved ladysthumb control in one of two years.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazin plus S -metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, or pendimethaline1
- Interactor
- ladysthumbe1weed
- Outcome
- ladysthumb controle1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flumioxazin plus S -metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, or pendimethalin improved ladysthumb control in one of two years”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon at 0.56 kg ai/ha produced moderate onion injury.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha −1e1
- Outcome
- onion injurye1
- Direction
- moderatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha −1 produced moderate onion injury and did not control yellow nutsedge adequately”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon at 0.56 kg ai/ha did not control yellow nutsedge adequately in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha −1e1
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee1weed
- Outcome
- control yellow nutsedgee1
- Direction
- did note1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha −1 produced moderate onion injury and did not control yellow nutsedge adequately”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon at 1.12 kg ai/ha provided good control of yellow nutsedge in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1e1
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee1weed
- Outcome
- control of yellow nutsedgee1
- Direction
- goode1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1 provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon at 1.12 kg ai/ha caused serious onion injury.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1e1
- Outcome
- onion injurye1
- Direction
- seriouse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1 provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon at 1.12 kg ai/ha caused onion yield loss.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Treatment
- Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1e1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- losse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha −1 provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →flumioxazin · crop injury · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
pendimethalin · crop injury · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
metolachlor · crop injury · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
metolachlor · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Oxyfluorfen · crop injury · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Oxyfluorfen · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 37 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Oxyfluorfen · Chenopodium album · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.