Abstract
Core Ideas Soybean seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances grain production. Greater inoculation response happens in Argentinean sites than in the United States. Several soil properties and crop management practices are related with the responses to inoculation. Although the relevance of biological N nutrition of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is recognized worldwide, inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum shows variable results and the benefit needs to be validated under current crop production practices. We conducted statistical analysis of soybean field trial data to provide insight into factors affecting the efficacy of soybean inoculation under contrasting crop production conditions. Most experimental sites, 187 trials in the United States and 152 trials in Argentina, were in soils with soybean history and naturalized B. japonicum strains. Yield increases were greater in Argentina (190 kg ha −1 equivalent to 6.39%) than in the United States (60 kg ha −1 equivalent to 1.67%). Tillage methods did not affect inoculant performance. In the United States, inoculation was more effective in soils with higher pH (>6.8) while in Argentina the greatest inoculation effect on crop production occurred in soils with a lower pH (<5.5). In the United States, where most of the trials were in rotation with corn ( Zea mays L), the greatest positive effect of inoculation was observed in late planted soybean crops and independent of soil organic matter (SOM). In Argentina, the inoculant had its greatest effect in soils with no soybean history, a relatively high SOM, higher levels of soil extractable P and S, and in areas with greater precipitation during early reproductive growing stages. In both regions, the yield increases due to B. japonicum inoculation support the regular use of this practice to help provide adequate conditions for soybean production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased soybean yield in Argentina by 190 kg ha −1, equivalent to 6.39%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont - Outcome
- Yield increasese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 190 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 6.39%e0
- Setting
- Argentinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increases were greater in Argentina (190 kg ha −1 equivalent to 6.39%) than in the United States (60 kg ha −1 equivalent to 1.67%).”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased soybean yield in the United States by 60 kg ha −1, equivalent to 1.67%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Yield increasese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 60 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.67%e0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increases were greater in Argentina (190 kg ha −1 equivalent to 6.39%) than in the United States (60 kg ha −1 equivalent to 1.67%).”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage methods did not affect inoculant performance.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Tillage methodse0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculant performancee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage methods did not affect inoculant performance”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
US inoculation was more effective at soil pH above 6.8.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation was more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- >6.8e0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the United States, inoculation was more effective in soils with higher pH (>6.8)”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
Argentine inoculation had the greatest crop production effect at soil pH below 5.5.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation effect on crop productione0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- <5.5e0
- Setting
- Argentinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Argentina the greatest inoculation effect on crop production occurred in soils with a lower pH (<5.5)”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
US late planted soybean crops had the greatest positive inoculation response, independent of soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- late plantede0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- effect of inoculatione0
- Direction
- greatest positivee0
- Qualifier
- independent of soil organic matter (SOM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest positive effect of inoculation was observed in late planted soybean crops and independent of soil organic matter (SOM)”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
In Argentina inoculant response was greatest in soils without soybean history and with relatively high organic matter, extractable phosphorus and sulfur, and early reproductive precipitation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculant had its greatest effecte0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- soils with no soybean history, a relatively high SOM, higher levels of soil extractable P and S, and in areas with greater precipitation during early reproductive growing stagese0
- Setting
- Argentinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Argentina, the inoculant had its greatest effect in soils with no soybean history, a relatively high SOM, higher levels of soil extractable P and S, and in areas with greater precipitation during early reproductive growing stages.”
t0“Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support regular B. japonicum inoculation for soybean production in both regions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- B. japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- regular use of this practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both regions, the yield increases due to B. japonicum inoculation support the regular use of this practice to help provide adequate conditions for soybean production.”
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