Abstract
It is unclear if additional inoculation with Bradyrhizobia at varying soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth stages can impact biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), increase yield and improve seed composition [protein, oil, and amino acid (AA) concentrations]. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different soybean inoculation strategies (seed coating and additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1) on: (i) seed yield, (ii) seed composition, and (iii) BNF traits [nodule number and relative abundance of ureides (RAU)]. Soybean field trials were conducted in 11 environments (four states of the US) to evaluate four treatments: (i) control without inoculation, (ii) seed inoculation, (iii) seed inoculation + soil inoculation at V4, and (iv) seed inoculation + soil inoculation at R1. Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition. Also, inoculation strategies produced similar values to the non-inoculated control in terms of nodule number and RAU, a reflection of BNF. Therefore, we conclude that in soils with previous history of soybean and under non-severe stress conditions (e.g. high early-season temperature and/or saturated soils), there is no benefit to implementing additional inoculation on soybean yield and seed composition.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean soybean seed yield was unaffected by seed inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- seede0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean composition was unaffected by seed inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- seede0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- compositione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean soybean seed yield was unaffected by additional soil inoculation at V4 inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- additional soil inoculation at V4e0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean composition was unaffected by additional soil inoculation at V4 inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- additional soil inoculation at V4e0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- compositione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean soybean seed yield was unaffected by R1 inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- R1e0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean composition was unaffected by R1 inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- R1e0
- Interactor
- inoculatione0symbiont
- Outcome
- compositione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation strategies gave similar soybean nodule number to the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation strategiese0
- Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, inoculation strategies produced similar values to the non-inoculated control in terms of nodule number and RAU, a reflection of BNF.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation strategies gave similar soybean RAU to the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation strategiese0
- Outcome
- RAUe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, inoculation strategies produced similar values to the non-inoculated control in terms of nodule number and RAU, a reflection of BNF.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude additional inoculation gives no soybean yield or seed composition benefit under the stated soil and stress conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- no benefit to implementing additional inoculatione0
- Qualifier
- soybean yield and seed compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no benefit to implementing additional inoculation on soybean yield and seed composition.”
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