Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene and its increasing concentration (0.01, 0.1, 1, 4 and 7 mg/L) on germination of seeds and production of ethylene, ethane and carbon dioxide during germination, and early growth of seedlings in Pisum sativum and Zea mays. Whereas in maize the germination was significantly lowered already by 0.01 mg/L FLT (91% germination), in pea the significant decrease in germination was found in two orders of magnitude higher FLT concentration (1 mg/L; 93% germination). This could be related to higher lipid content in maize seeds. The most significant decrease in seed germination of both plant species were found in seeds treated by 7 mg/L FLT (78% germination in maize and 90% in pea). Root and shoot elongation is besides the seed germination a convenient indicator of the environmental phytotoxicity. Results proved an improvement of inhibition effect on both lenght and dry weight of roots and shoots in both plant species with increasing FLT treatment. Production of ethylene as an important growth regulator and ethane as a product of lipid peroxidation accompanies the seed germination in many plant species. Higher ethylene production was found in both species already in seeds exposed to the low FLT concentration (0.1 mg/L). Production of both gases increased with increasing FLT treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene at 0.01 mg/L significantly lowered maize seed germination (91% germination).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize the germination was significantly lowered already by 0.01 mg/L FLT (91% germination)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene at 1 mg/L decreased pea seed germination (93% germination).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in pea the significant decrease in germination was found in two orders of magnitude higher FLT concentration (1 mg/L; 93% germination)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene at 7 mg/L produced the largest decrease in maize seed germination (78% germination).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most significant decrease in seed germination of both plant species were found in seeds treated by 7 mg/L FLT (78% germination in maize and 90% in pea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene at 7 mg/L produced the largest decrease in pea seed germination (90% germination).
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse3 - Treatment
- 7 mg/L FLTe3
- Outcome
- seed germinatione3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 90%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The most significant decrease in seed germination of both plant species were found in seeds treated by 7 mg/L FLT (78% germination in maize and 90% in pea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fluoranthene treatment increased the inhibition of root and shoot length and dry weight in maize.
- Treatment
- increasing FLT treatmente4
- Outcome
- inhibition effect on both lenght and dry weight of roots and shootse4
- Direction
- improvemente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum and Zea mays”
e4“Results proved an improvement of inhibition effect on both lenght and dry weight of roots and shoots in both plant species with increasing FLT treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fluoranthene treatment increased the inhibition of root and shoot length and dry weight in pea.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- increasing FLT treatmente4
- Outcome
- inhibition effect on both lenght and dry weight of roots and shootse4
- Direction
- improvemente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum and Zea mays”
e4“Results proved an improvement of inhibition effect on both lenght and dry weight of roots and shoots in both plant species with increasing FLT treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low fluoranthene concentration produced higher ethylene production in maize seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum and Zea mays”
e5“Higher ethylene production was found in both species already in seeds exposed to the low FLT concentration (0.1 mg/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low fluoranthene concentration produced higher ethylene production in pea seeds.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- low FLT concentration (0.1 mg/L)e5
- Outcome
- ethylene productione5
- Direction
- Highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum and Zea mays”
e5“Higher ethylene production was found in both species already in seeds exposed to the low FLT concentration (0.1 mg/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Production of ethylene and ethane increased with increasing fluoranthene treatment in pea and maize.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum and Zea maysLathyrus oleraceus
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- increasing FLT treatmente6
- Outcome
- Production of both gasese6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum and Zea mays”
e6“Production of both gases increased with increasing FLT treatment”