Abstract
Seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were exposed in soil to the polycyclic musk chemical, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) for 21 days, to evaluate its effect upon chlorophyll (CHL), lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. The content of CHL in leaves was inhibited significantly after 14- and 21-days exposures, whereas it was significantly induced by a low level of HHCB after a 7-days exposure. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat leaves increased with an increase in the concentration of HHCB in soil, indicating that oxidative stress could be induced by HHCB. Moreover, HHCB exposure induced significant antioxidant responses in wheat. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in wheat leaves were induced by HHCB after 14 and 21 days of exposure. However, the changing trend of the antioxidant enzymes in wheat roots was different from that in leaves. The results suggested that the assayed parameters of T. aestivum could be used as responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress in the soil environment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
HHCB significantly inhibited leaf chlorophyll after 14 and 21 days.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Outcome
- CHL in leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 14- and 21-days exposurese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of CHL in leaves was inhibited significantly after 14- and 21-days exposures”
e7“Seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low HHCB significantly induced leaf chlorophyll after seven days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- a low level of HHCBe0
- Outcome
- CHL in leavese1
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- after a 7-days exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was significantly induced by a low level of HHCB after a 7-days exposure”
e1“The content of CHL in leaves”
e2“Seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf malondialdehyde increased with soil HHCB concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HHCB in soile0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat leaves increased with an increase in the concentration of HHCB in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
HHCB exposure induced significant antioxidant responses in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HHCB exposuree0
- Outcome
- antioxidant responsese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HHCB exposure induced significant antioxidant responses in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HHCB induced wheat leaf SOD, CAT and POD activities after 14 and 21 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HHCBe0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in wheat leavese0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- after 14 and 21 days of exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in wheat leaves were induced by HHCB after 14 and 21 days of exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme responses in wheat roots differed from those in leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- changing trend of the antioxidant enzymes in wheat rootse0
- Direction
- differente0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the changing trend of the antioxidant enzymes in wheat roots was different from that in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The assayed wheat parameters were proposed as biomarkers for soil oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- responsive biomarkers for oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- could be usede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the assayed parameters of T. aestivum could be used as responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress in the soil environment”