Abstract
ABSTRACT The distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil interferes with the availability of the nutrient and can affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to compare the growth and accumulation of P in maize, soybean and sunflower plants in vertical gradients of the nutrient in the soil, with and without water stress. The design was completely randomised with five replications, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme: three soil depth gradients of P (decreasing, increasing and nil) and two conditions of soil water availability (with and with no water stress). The depth gradients of P were in decreasing doses of P2O5 (300, 200, 100 and 0 mg dm-3), increasing doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) and equal doses (150 mg dm-3) applied to the intermediate layers between 0.0-5.0, 5.1-10.0, 10.1-15.0 and 15.1-20.0 cm. Height, dry weight and P accumulation in the roots and shoots were quantified. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and mean values compared by Tukey's test (p<0.05). The distribution of P in the soil did not interfere with growth or nutrient accumulation in the soybean. Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layers favoured greater growth and the accumulation of P in the maize and sunflower, compared to the uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layer. The increase in phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in the three crops, even under conditions of water stress.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Distribution of P in the soil did not affect growth or nutrient accumulation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- distribution of P in the soile1
- Outcome
- growth or nutrient accumulatione1
- Direction
- did not interferee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The distribution of P in the soil did not interfere with growth or nutrient accumulation in the soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or subsurface phosphate fertiliser placement increased growth and P accumulation in maize compared with uniform distribution in the 0-20 cm layer.
- Treatment
- Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layerse2
- Outcome
- growth and the accumulation of Pe2
- Direction
- favoured greatere2
- Comparator
- uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layere2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layers favoured greater growth and the accumulation of P in the maize and sunflower, compared to the uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or subsurface phosphate fertiliser placement increased growth and P accumulation in sunflower compared with uniform distribution in the 0-20 cm layer.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse2 - Treatment
- Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layerse2
- Outcome
- growth and the accumulation of Pe2
- Direction
- favoured greatere2
- Comparator
- uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Phosphate fertiliser located in the surface or subsurface layers favoured greater growth and the accumulation of P in the maize and sunflower, compared to the uniform distribution of the nutrient in the 0-20 cm layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in maize, even under water stress.
- Treatment
- increase in phosphate fertiliser at depthe3
- Outcome
- growth or P accumulatione3
- Direction
- did not increasee3
- Qualifier
- even under conditions of water stresse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The increase in phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in the three crops, even under conditions of water stress”
t0“growth in maize, the soybean and sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in soybean, even under water stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increase in phosphate fertiliser at depthe3
- Outcome
- growth or P accumulatione3
- Direction
- did not increasee3
- Qualifier
- even under conditions of water stresse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The increase in phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in the three crops, even under conditions of water stress”
t0“growth in maize, the soybean and sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in sunflower, even under water stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increase in phosphate fertiliser at depthe3
- Outcome
- growth or P accumulatione3
- Direction
- did not increasee3
- Qualifier
- even under conditions of water stresse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The increase in phosphate fertiliser at depth did not increase growth or P accumulation in the three crops, even under conditions of water stress”
t0“growth in maize, the soybean and sunflower”
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