Abstract
Low total rainfall and its uneven distribution during the crop season and low soil N and P levels are the principal factors limiting the production of maize in the eastern Ethiopian highlands. Thus, field experiments were conducted under rainfed conditions to study the effects of soil and water conservation treatments (tied ridges and planting methods) on the yield of improved maize variety EAH-75 on Entisols and Vertisols of the region. Five treatments (flat bed planting or control, planting on ridges of open end tied ridge, planting in furrows of open end tied ridge, planting on ridges of closed end tied ridge, and planting in furrows of closed end tied ridge) were laid down in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted in two blocks (one without and another with N and P fertilizers) on both soil types to compare the effects of the treatments under natural and amended soil fertility levels. The yield of maize responded significantly (P <= 0.01) to tied ridges and planting methods both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions on both soils. However, the magnitude of the yield response and the relative efficiency of the tied ridges and planting methods varied with soil type, fertilization, and the total amount and distribution of rainfall during the cropping season. Regardless of the type of tied ridge used, furrow planting gave better grain yields than ridge planting. Specifically, open end tied ridge planting in furrows gave the highest yield across the four sets of experiments. Flat bed planting and open end planting on ridges produced the lowest grain yields on Entisols and Vertisols, respectively, both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions. Regardless of the soil fertility status, yield response to tied ridges compared with the traditional (flat bed) planting method was higher on Entisols than on Vertisols. Similarly, the grain yields accrued due to water conservation treatments were higher under fertilized than unfertilized conditions on both soils indicating the synergetic effects of soil water and NP nutrients on yield of the test crop. The study also revealed that yield responses were higher in seasons with low and poorly distributed rains and on shallow and coarse textured soil (Entisols) than in seasons with better rains and of the deeper and fine textured Vertisols. Thus, in areas of low and erratic rainfall such as the Alemaya areas of the eastern Ethiopian highlands, increasing rain fed crop yields largely depends on the use of improved soil and water conservation practices.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow planting gave better maize grain yields than ridge planting.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e2“Regardless of the type of tied ridge used, furrow planting gave better grain yields than ridge planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield responded significantly to tied ridges and planting methods.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e1“The yield of maize responded significantly (P <= 0.01) to tied ridges and planting methods both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions on both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Open end tied ridge planting in furrows gave the highest maize yield across the four experiment sets.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e3“open end tied ridge planting in furrows gave the highest yield across the four sets of experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Flat bed planting gave the lowest grain yield on Entisols.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e4“Flat bed planting and open end planting on ridges produced the lowest grain yields on Entisols and Vertisols, respectively, both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Open end planting on ridges gave the lowest grain yield on Vertisols.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e4“Flat bed planting and open end planting on ridges produced the lowest grain yields on Entisols and Vertisols, respectively, both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield response to tied ridges was higher on Entisols than on Vertisols, relative to flat bed planting.
- Treatment
- tied ridgese5
- Outcome
- yield responsee5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- traditional (flat bed) planting methode5
- Setting
- Entisolse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e5“yield response to tied ridges compared with the traditional (flat bed) planting method was higher on Entisols than on Vertisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Water conservation treatments gave higher grain yields under fertilized than unfertilized conditions on both soils.
- Treatment
- water conservation treatmentse6
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- unfertilized conditionse6
- Setting
- both soilse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e6“the grain yields accrued due to water conservation treatments were higher under fertilized than unfertilized conditions on both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield responses were higher in seasons with low and poorly distributed rains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e7“yield responses were higher in seasons with low and poorly distributed rains and on shallow and coarse textured soil (Entisols) than in seasons with better rains and of the deeper and fine textured Vertisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield responses were higher on shallow and coarse textured soil (Entisols) than on deeper and fine textured Vertisols.
- Outcome
- yield responsese7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- the deeper and fine textured Vertisolse7
- Setting
- shallow and coarse textured soil (Entisols)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e7“yield responses were higher in seasons with low and poorly distributed rains and on shallow and coarse textured soil (Entisols) than in seasons with better rains and of the deeper and fine textured Vertisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain-fed maize yields in low and erratic rainfall areas depends on improved soil and water conservation practices.
- Outcome
- use of improved soil and water conservation practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield response of maize Zea mays L”
e0“increasing rain fed crop yields largely depends on the use of improved soil and water conservation practices”
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