Abstract
본 연구는 월악산에 식재된 잣나무와 화백나무의 형성층 활동을 모니터링 하여, 1) 수종에 따른 형성층 활동 기간을 확인하고, 2) 적산온도가 형성층 활동 개시에 미치는 영향과 3) 생육기간 중 강수량이 연륜생장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 또한, 식재연도가 동일하지만 직경생장이 다른 두 그룹(DBH 평균 30 cm (CPL)와 15 cm(CPS))의 화백나무 생장패턴도 함께 조사하였다. 형성층 활동 모니터링을 위해 미니코어를 활용하였으며, 시료채취는 2015년 4월부터 10월까지 2주 간격으로 실시되었다. 형성층 활동 개시와 종료가 기대되는 4-5월과 9월 중순-10월은 일주일 간격으로 실시하였다. 연륜분석 결과 잣나무의 평균 연륜 수는 30개로 CPS와 CPL보다 7 (CPS) 또는 8 (CPL)개 적었다. 반면, 잣나무의 평균 연륜폭은 4.12 mm로 CPL (3.97 mm)과 CPS (1.84 mm)보다 넓은 것으로 확인되었다. 화백나무 상호비교에서는 CPL의 평균 연륜폭이 CPS보다 2.13 mm 넓은 것으로 확인되었으나, 최근 3년간 평균 연륜폭을 비교한 결과 CPS1 (0.83 mm)를 제외한 CPS2 (2.42 mm)와 CPS3 (2.73 mm)은 CPL (2.71 mm) 그룹과 유사하였다. PK의 형성층 활동 개시는 4월 13일과 21일 사이로 CPS1를 제외한 화백나무보다 일주일 정도 빨랐으며, 종료는 9월 1일과 22일 사이로 형성층 활동 최대기간이 157.3 (${\pm}3.3$)일이었으며, CPS ($145.7{\pm}6.6$일)와 CPL ($148.0{\pm}15.1$일)보다 길었다. 화백나무의 경우 형성층 활동 종료 시기에 차이가 많았으며, 형성층 활동기간과 연륜폭 상호간 상관분석에서는 유의수준에 근접한 결과(r = 0.69, p < 0.064)를 보였다. 잣나무의 형성층 활동을 유도하는 적산온도는 99와 134 사이였으며, CPS1 (274)을 제외한 화백나무는 134와 200 사이었다. CPS3을 제외한 모든 수목은 7월 21일에 채취한 시료에서 위연륜(false ring)이 관찰되었으며, 그 원인이 여름철 강수량 부족인 것으로 판단되었다. This study was fulfilled to verify the durations of cambial activity and analyze the associations of degree days and precipitation with the initiation of cambial activity and intra-annual wood formation for Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis pisifera planted at Mt. Worak, respectively, by monitoring of their intra-annual cambial activities. And more, the reason was also analyzed why the DBH of Chamaecyparis pisifera known as planted in the same year could be classified as two groups (CPL: ${\phi}30cm$, CPS: ${\phi}15cm$). The intra-annual cambial activity was monitored using mini-cores (${\phi}2mm$) and they were collected in 2-week interval between April and October. However, between April and May and between middle September and October expected as the initiation and cessation of the cambial activity, respectively, it was fulfilled in 1-week interval. The average number of tree rings for PK (30) was less than CPS (37) and CPL (38), whereas the average ring width of PK (4.12 mm) was wider than CPS (1.84 mm) and CPL (3.97 mm). In the comparison of ring widths between CPL and CPS, CPL was 2.13 mm wider than CPS, however, excepting CPS 1 (0.83 mm), the average ring widths of CPS 2 (2.42 mm) and CPS 3 (2.73 mm) in the last 3 years were close to the average of CPL (2.71 mm). The initiation of cambial activity for PK was between 1 and 21 April, which was 1 week earlier than CPL and CPS (excepting CPS 1) and the cessation was between 1 and 22 September. The longest growing season therefore was 157.3 days (${\pm}3.3$) and it was longer than CPL ($145.7{\pm}6.6days$) and CPS ($148.0{\pm}15.1days$). In CP groups there were wide variations for the cessation of cambial activity and also there were the meaningful linear relationship between the growing seasons and the ring widths (r = 0.69, p < 0.064). The cambial activity in PK was initiated when degree days were between 99 and 134 and in CPS (excepting PCS 1) and CPL between 134 and 200. Excepting CPS 3, the false ring was observed in all samples collected on 21 July when drought stress was high due to low precipitation from June to the beginning of July.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
PK had an average of 30 rings, fewer than CPS.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensis
Pinus koraiensist0 - Outcome
- number of tree ringse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 30e0
- Qualifier
- 37e0
- Comparator
- CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average number of tree rings for PK (30) was less than CPS (37) and CPL (38)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK had an average of 30 rings, fewer than CPL.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- number of tree ringse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 30e0
- Qualifier
- 38e0
- Comparator
- CPLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average number of tree rings for PK (30) was less than CPS (37) and CPL (38)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK ring width was 4.12 mm, wider than CPS.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- average ring widthe0
- Direction
- widere0
- Value
- 4.12 mme0
- Qualifier
- 1.84 mme0
- Comparator
- CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average ring width of PK (4.12 mm) was wider than CPS (1.84 mm) and CPL (3.97 mm)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK ring width was 4.12 mm, wider than CPL.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- average ring widthe0
- Direction
- widere0
- Value
- 4.12 mme0
- Qualifier
- 3.97 mme0
- Comparator
- CPLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average ring width of PK (4.12 mm) was wider than CPS (1.84 mm) and CPL (3.97 mm)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CPL ring width exceeded CPS by 2.13 mm.
- Taxon
- Chamaecyparis pisifera
.jpg?width=60)
Chamaecyparis pisiferat0 - Material
- CPLe0
- Outcome
- ring widthse0
- Direction
- widere0
- Value
- 2.13 mme0
- Comparator
- CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the comparison of ring widths between CPL and CPS, CPL was 2.13 mm wider than CPS”
t0“Chamaecyparis pisifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Recent ring widths of CPS 2 and CPS 3 were close to CPL.
- Taxon
- Chamaecyparis pisiferaChamaecyparis pisiferat0
- Outcome
- average ring widthse0
- Qualifier
- last 3 yearse0
- Comparator
- CPLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average ring widths of CPS 2 (2.42 mm) and CPS 3 (2.73 mm) in the last 3 years were close to the average of CPL (2.71 mm)”
t0“Chamaecyparis pisifera”
Claim · model-written summary
PK cambial activity began about one week before CPL and CPS other than CPS 1.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- initiation of cambial activitye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 1 weeke0
- Qualifier
- excepting CPS 1e0
- Comparator
- CPL and CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initiation of cambial activity for PK was between 1 and 21 April, which was 1 week earlier than CPL and CPS (excepting CPS 1)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK cambial activity ceased between 1 and 22 September.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- cessatione0
- Value
- between 1 and 22 Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cessation was between 1 and 22 September”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK had a 157.3 day growing season, longer than CPL.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- growing seasone0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 157.3 dayse0
- Comparator
- CPLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The longest growing season therefore was 157.3 days (${\pm}3.3$) and it was longer than CPL ($145.7{\pm}6.6days$) and CPS ($148.0{\pm}15.1days$)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
PK had a 157.3 day growing season, longer than CPS.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- growing seasone0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 157.3 dayse0
- Comparator
- CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The longest growing season therefore was 157.3 days (${\pm}3.3$) and it was longer than CPL ($145.7{\pm}6.6days$) and CPS ($148.0{\pm}15.1days$)”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CP groups varied widely in cambial cessation time.
- Taxon
- Chamaecyparis pisiferaChamaecyparis pisiferat0
- Outcome
- wide variations for the cessation of cambial activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In CP groups there were wide variations for the cessation of cambial activity”
t0“Chamaecyparis pisifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season duration and ring width were positively related in CP groups.
- Taxon
- Chamaecyparis pisiferaChamaecyparis pisiferat0
- Organ / stage
- growing seasonse0
- Outcome
- ring widthse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- r = 0.69e0
- Qualifier
- p < 0.064e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were the meaningful linear relationship between the growing seasons and the ring widths (r = 0.69, p < 0.064)”
t0“Chamaecyparis pisifera”
Claim · model-written summary
PK cambial activity began at 99 to 134 degree days.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- cambial activitye0
- Value
- between 99 and 134e0
- Qualifier
- degree dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cambial activity in PK was initiated when degree days were between 99 and 134”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CP cambial activity began at 134 to 200 degree days, except CPS 1.
- Taxon
- Chamaecyparis pisiferaChamaecyparis pisiferat0
- Outcome
- cambial activitye0
- Value
- between 134 and 200e0
- Qualifier
- excepting PCS 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cambial activity in PK was initiated when degree days were between 99 and 134 and in CPS (excepting PCS 1) and CPL between 134 and 200”
t0“Chamaecyparis pisifera”
Claim · model-written summary
False rings occurred in all 21 July samples except CPS 3 under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Pinus koraiensisPinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- false ring was observede0
- Qualifier
- Excepting CPS 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excepting CPS 3, the false ring was observed in all samples collected on 21 July when drought stress was high due to low precipitation from June to the beginning of July”
t0“Pinus koraiensis”