Abstract
Broomrapes (Phelipanche spp. and Orobanche spp.) are holoparasitic plants that cause tremendous losses of agricultural crops worldwide. Broomrape control is extremely difficult and only amino acid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides present an acceptable control level. It is expected that broomrape resistance to these herbicides is not long in coming. Our objective was to develop a broomrape control system in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) based on the plant-growth regulator maleic hydrazide (MH). Petri-dish and polyethylene-bag system experiments revealed that MH has a slight inhibitory effect on Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination but is a potent inhibitor of the first stages of parasitism, namely attachment and the tubercle stage. MH phytotoxicity toward tomato and its P. aegyptiaca-control efficacy were tested in greenhouse experiments. MH was applied at 25, 50, 75, 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1 to tomato foliage grown in P. aegyptiaca-infested soil at 200 growing degree days (GDD) and again at 400 GDD. The treatments had no influence on tomato foliage or root dry weight. The total number of P. aegyptiaca attachments counted on the roots of the treated plants was significantly lower at 75 g a.i. ha-1 and also at higher MH rates. Phelipanche aegyptiaca biomass was close to zero at rates of 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1 MH. Field experiments were conducted to optimize the rate, timing and number of MH applications. Two application sequences gave superior results, both with five split applications applied at 100, 200, 400, 700 and 1000 GDD: (a) constant rate of 400 g a.i. ha-1; (b) first two applications at 270 g a.i. ha-1 and the next three applications at 540 g a.i. ha-1. Based on the results of this study, MH was registered for use in Israel in 2013 with the specified protocol and today, it is widely used by most Israeli tomato growers.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide had a slight inhibitory effect on Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination.
- Taxon
- Phelipanche aegyptiaca
Phelipanche aegyptiacae0 - Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- slight inhibitory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MH has a slight inhibitory effect on Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination but is a potent inhibitor of the first stages of parasitism, namely attachment and the tubercle stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide was a potent inhibitor of the first stages of Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitism, namely attachment and the tubercle stage.
- Taxon
- Phelipanche aegyptiacaPhelipanche aegyptiacae0
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- first stages of parasitisme0
- Direction
- potent inhibitore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MH has a slight inhibitory effect on Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination but is a potent inhibitor of the first stages of parasitism, namely attachment and the tubercle stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maleic hydrazide treatments (25 to 600 g a.i. ha-1) had no influence on tomato foliage or root dry weight in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- MH was applied at 25, 50, 75, 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- tomato foliage or root dry weighte1
- Direction
- no influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MH was applied at 25, 50, 75, 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1”
e1“The treatments had no influence on tomato foliage or root dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The total number of P. aegyptiaca attachments on roots of treated plants was significantly lower at 75 g a.i. ha-1 and at higher maleic hydrazide rates.
- Taxon
- P. aegyptiacaPhelipanche aegyptiacae0
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- total number of P. aegyptiaca attachmentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 75 g a.i. ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total number of P. aegyptiaca attachments counted on the roots of the treated plants was significantly lower at 75 g a.i. ha-1 and also at higher MH rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Phelipanche aegyptiaca biomass was close to zero at maleic hydrazide rates of 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1.
- Taxon
- Phelipanche aegyptiacaPhelipanche aegyptiacae0
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- Phelipanche aegyptiaca biomasse0
- Direction
- close to zeroe0
- Value
- 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phelipanche aegyptiaca biomass was close to zero at rates of 150, 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1 MH”
Claim · model-written summary
In field experiments, two sequences of five split maleic hydrazide applications at 100, 200, 400, 700 and 1000 GDD (a constant 400 g a.i. ha-1, or 270 then 540 g a.i. ha-1) gave superior results.
- Treatment
- five split applications applied at 100, 200, 400, 700 and 1000 GDDe0
- Outcome
- superior resultse0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Two application sequences gave superior results, both with five split applications applied at 100, 200, 400, 700 and 1000 GDD: (a) constant rate of 400 g a.i. ha-1; (b) first two applications at 270 g a.i. ha-1 and the next three applications at 540 g a.i. ha-1”
The same questions in other papers
Maleic hydrazide · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.