Abstract
Summary Charcoal canker of oak is a common disease in the western regions of Iran, which has widely spread due to climate change and increasing drought in recent years. Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica are known as two agents of oak charcoal canker in Zagros forests causing the dieback of oak trees. The effects of charcoal disease agent pathogens on the growth and physiological response of two‐year‐old seedlings of Quercus brantii were evaluated under drought stress in greenhouse over a period of nine months. Survival was 21.7% lower in seedlings inoculated with B. mediterranea subjected to drought stress compared with control treatment. The length of lesions on stems was 68% more under charcoal pathogens in drought stressed compared with the length of lesions caused by charcoal pathogens only. On the other hand, stem lesion length caused by B. mediterranea was 25% greater than those caused by O. persica . Some morphophysiological characteristics were affected by charcoal pathogens alone and/or in combination with drought. Diameter, height and biomass decreased the most in seedlings inoculated with charcoal pathogens under drought stress. Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stress reduced photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, the maximum Rubisco activity ( V cmax ), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) and xylem water potential. In general, drought increased the aggressiveness of fungus and intensification of their destructive effects in Quercus brantii . Moreover, there was no significant difference between the effect of B. mediterranea and O. persica on the morphophysiological parameters studied.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed seedlings inoculated with B. mediterranea had 21.7% lower survival than controls.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantii
Quercus brantiit0 - Treatment
- inoculated with B. mediterranea subjected to drought stresse0
- Interactor
- B. mediterranea
.jpg?width=60)
Biscogniauxia mediterraneae0pathogen - Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 21.7%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Survival was 21.7% lower in seedlings inoculated with B. mediterranea subjected to drought stress compared with control treatment.”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased pathogen-caused stem lesions by 68% compared with pathogens alone.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- charcoal pathogens in drought stressede0
- Interactor
- charcoal pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- length of lesions on stemse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- charcoal pathogens onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of lesions on stems was 68% more under charcoal pathogens in drought stressed compared with the length of lesions caused by charcoal pathogens only.”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
B. mediterranea caused 25% longer stem lesions than O. persica.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- B. mediterraneae0
- Interactor
- B. mediterraneaBiscogniauxia mediterraneae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- O. persicaObolarina persicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem lesion lengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- O. persicae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem lesion length caused by B. mediterranea was 25% greater than those caused by O. persica”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation under drought most reduced seedling diameter, height and biomass.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- inoculated with charcoal pathogens under drought stresse0
- Interactor
- charcoal pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- Diameter, height and biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diameter, height and biomass decreased the most in seedlings inoculated with charcoal pathogens under drought stress.”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogens alone or combined with drought reduced gas exchange measures.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stresse0
- Interactor
- Pathogenic agentse0pathogen
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stress reduced photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, the maximum Rubisco activity ( V cmax ), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) and xylem water potential.”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogens alone or combined with drought reduced Rubisco activity, PSII efficiency and xylem water potential.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stresse0
- Interactor
- Pathogenic agentse0pathogen
- Outcome
- the maximum Rubisco activity ( V cmax ), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) and xylem water potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stress reduced photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, the maximum Rubisco activity ( V cmax ), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v / F m ) and xylem water potential.”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased fungal aggressiveness on oak.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiie0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Interactor
- funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressiveness of funguse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought increased the aggressiveness of fungus and intensification of their destructive effects in Quercus brantii”
Claim · model-written summary
The two fungi did not differ significantly in their effects on measured morphophysiological parameters.
- Taxon
- Quercus brantiiQuercus brantiit0
- Treatment
- B. mediterraneae0
- Interactor
- B. mediterraneaBiscogniauxia mediterraneae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- O. persicaObolarina persicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- morphophysiological parameterse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- O. persicae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference between the effect of B. mediterranea and O. persica on the morphophysiological parameters studied”
t0“Quercus brantii seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Quercus brantiiPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
drought · growth · Quercus brantiiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Quercus brantiiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.