Abstract
Sweet basil is an important medicinal plant used especially for therapeutical potentials. Sweet basil is a common host for Cuscuta campestris, which has a negative effect on infected plants. Therefore, natural friendly control of C. campestris seems to be useful. It has been shown that carrageenans can act as elicitors of plant defense responses. In this work, the effect of κ-carrageenans on protection against C. campestris and suppression of its invasion in basils were studied. Basils were sprayed with a solution of κ-carrageenan (1 g L−1), once a week, three times in total. Infection of basils with C. campestris was performed two days after the last carrageenan treatment. C. campestris stem and the leaves of basils were collected two weeks after C. campestris inoculation for biochemical studies. Treatment with carrageenan significantly increased shoot length and leaf area of basil and decreased C. campestris infestation by about 26%. The content of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity increased significantly in basils parasitized by C. campestris. There were significant differences in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activity of parasitized basils by C. campestris compared with healthy basils. Carrageenan treatment of basils caused a significant increase in H2O2 content and the activity of PAL, CAT and SOD, but not of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes content and LOX, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidases activity. The activated enzymatic defense system (PAL, PPO, CAT, SOD and peroxidase) in carrageenan-treated basils have a vital role in alleviating oxidative stress damage in infected plants, by removing excess reactive oxygen species and inhibiting LOX activity and lipid peroxidation that was observed in this study. Our results showed that the application of κ-carrageenan-induced beneficial effects in plants, with regard to growth stimulation and the activation of enzymatic defense system. Thus, carrageenan was recommended as a natural biostimulator for protection of plants against C. campestris.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Carrageenan increased basil shoot length and leaf area.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- carrageenane0
- Outcome
- shoot length and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with carrageenan significantly increased shoot length and leaf area of basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrageenan reduced C. campestris infestation by about 26%.
- Taxon
- Sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- carrageenant0
- Interactor
- C. campestris
Cuscuta campestrise0parasite - Outcome
- C. campestris infestatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased C. campestris infestation by about 26%”
t0“Stimulation effect of carrageenan on enzymatic defense system of sweet basil againstCuscuta campestrisinfection”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitism increased basil malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and LOX activity.
- Treatment
- parasitized by C. campestrise0
- Interactor
- C. campestrisCuscuta campestrise0parasite
- Outcome
- content of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and lipoxygenase (LOX) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
OcimumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity increased significantly in basils parasitized by C. campestris.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitized basils differed from healthy basils in PAL, CAT, SOD and peroxidase activities.
- Treatment
- parasitized basils by C. campestrise0
- Interactor
- C. campestrisCuscuta campestrise0parasite
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activitye0
- Comparator
- healthy basilse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant differences in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activity of parasitized basils by C. campestris compared with healthy basils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrageenan increased H2O2 content and PAL, CAT and SOD activity in basil.
- Treatment
- Carrageenan treatmente0
- Outcome
- H2O2 content and the activity of PAL, CAT and SODe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carrageenan treatment of basils caused a significant increase in H2O2 content and the activity of PAL, CAT and SOD”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrageenan did not increase malondialdehyde or other aldehydes in basil.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- carrageenant0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, other aldehydes contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes content and LOX, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidases activity”
t0“Stimulation effect of carrageenan on enzymatic defense system of sweet basil againstCuscuta campestrisinfection”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrageenan did not increase LOX, PPO or peroxidase activity in basil.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- carrageenant0
- Outcome
- LOX, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidases activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes content and LOX, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidases activity”
t0“Stimulation effect of carrageenan on enzymatic defense system of sweet basil againstCuscuta campestrisinfection”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced oxidative damage to the activated enzymatic defense system in treated infected basil.
- Treatment
- carrageenan-treatede0
- Outcome
- alleviating oxidative stress damagee0
- Qualifier
- removing excess reactive oxygen species and inhibiting LOX activity and lipid peroxidatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activated enzymatic defense system (PAL, PPO, CAT, SOD and peroxidase) in carrageenan-treated basils have a vital role in alleviating oxidative stress damage in infected plants, by removing excess reactive oxygen species and inhibiting LOX activity and lipid peroxidation that was observed in this study.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended carrageenan as a biostimulator against C. campestris.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- carrageenane0
- Interactor
- C. campestrisCuscuta campestrise0parasite
- Outcome
- protection of plants against C. campestrise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carrageenan was recommended as a natural biostimulator for protection of plants against C. campestris.”
t0“sweet basil”
The same questions in other papers
carrageenan · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
carrageenan · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carrageenan · Cuscuta campestris · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.