Abstract
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp ) is one of the most important disease that decimate chili production in Ethiopia.The efficacy of three Trichoderma isolates viz., AAU-37, AAU-Th and AAU-69 with aqueous leaf extracts Onion, Garlic, Neem and Cassia spp were harmoniously applied on Oda Haro, Mareko Fana and Melka zala pepper varieties, with the aim to manage chili anthracnose in rainy season of 2013.The treatments were arranged in RCBD replicated thrice.Data on disease reaction, quality and growth characteristics of chili had been collected.Analysis of data was carried out using ANOVA.The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)andinfected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety.Regarding the growth parameters, viz. the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T16, T4, and T8, respectively.From the quality parameters, the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively.Both negative and positive control showed higher incidence and severity as compared to single and combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil.Therefore, integrated use of Trichoderma spp and plant extracts can be recommended.Conventional fungicides will be replaced by antagonists and botanicals.This will improving crop quality and growth maximize profitability of chili and ultimate sustenance.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Trichoderma, plant extracts and Ridomil gave the lowest plant infection in Maraqo fana, 12.8%.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Material
- Maraqo fanae0
- Treatment
- combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomile0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant infectione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 12.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)andinfected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave 15.2% leaf infection per plant in Maraqo fana.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Material
- Maraqo fanae0
- Treatment
- combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomile0
- Outcome
- leaf infection per plante0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 15.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)andinfected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave 15.2% diseased leaf area in Maraqo fana.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Material
- Maraqo fanae0
- Treatment
- combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomile0
- Outcome
- percent diseased leaf areae0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 15.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)andinfected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave 17.4% infected fruits per plot in Maraqo fana.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Material
- Maraqo fanae0
- Treatment
- combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomile0
- Outcome
- infected fruits per plote0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 17.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)andinfected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
T16 had the highest mean percent establishment, 81.67.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T16, T4, and T8, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T16 had the highest mean days to 50% flowering, 65.33.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T16, T4, and T8, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had the highest mean days to 50% maturity, 82.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T16, T4, and T8, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 had the highest days to first harvest, 106.3.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T16, T4, and T8, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 gave the highest branches per stem, 9.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T15 gave the highest canopy diameter, 24.8.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 gave the highest flower number per plant, 9.6.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 gave the highest plant height, 61.4.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both controls had higher anthracnose incidence and severity than single or combined treatments.
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“Both negative and positive control showed higher incidence and severity as compared to single and combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrated use of Trichoderma and plant extracts.
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“integrated use of Trichoderma spp and plant extracts can be recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose replacing conventional fungicides with antagonists and botanicals.
Verbatim
t0“Chili”
e0“Conventional fungicides will be replaced by antagonists and botanicals.”
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