Abstract
Storage conditions have a major influence on the rate at which dormancy breakdown occurs. The rate of breakdown depends mainly on grain moisture content, storage temperature, storage time and the characteristics of individual batches of barley. Data presented in this paper are a significant addition to the existing knowledge on post harvest maturation of Australian malting barley. Germination of Gairdner and Sloop increased at low moisture content (mc) at storage temperatures above 20oC, as water sensitivity progressively broke down. In contrast, Grimmett germination declined under similar conditions. Stirling was very robust and maintained its germination even under high temperature storage, while Tallon had to be stored below 25oC to prevent loss in barley quality. Samples with high water sensitivity and dormancy were less vulnerable to germination loss. Dormancy and water sensitivity could be overcome by matching storage conditions and barley characteristics. Gairdner, Sloop and Stirling, all samples with some level of dormancy and water sensitivity, showed improved maltability after storage, while Tallon and Grimmett, samples with high pre-storage germination, decreased in maltability under most storage conditions. Longer term storage under mild conditions generally resulted in better malting outcomes. Storage affected Kohlbach index, wort β-glucan, diastatic power and apparent attenuation limit of malt. Changes in germination and maltability need to be considered in combination to develop optimum storage strategies for breaking dormancy and water sensitivity. In dormant grain, enzyme activity of α-amylase and β-glucanase changed with storage, while β-amylase measurements showed no clear trends. Enzyme activity decreased at higher mc and temperatures concurrent with germination loss. Changes in enzyme activity were highly sample-dependent. An understanding of the vulnerability of particular cultivars to damage in storage will assist in increasing and preserving value. Barley with pronounced levels of dormancy and/or water sensitivity can be safely stored at 25° to 30°C for short periods to increase germination. Care must be taken to monitor germination during storage, and moisture content should be kept at or below 12%. Dormant barley stored at low temperatures may not reach malting quality, even over a 12 month period.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Gairdner germination rose at low moisture and storage above 20oC.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- Gairdnere0
- Treatment
- low moisture content (mc) at storage temperatures above 20oCe0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Germination of Gairdner and Sloop increased at low moisture content (mc) at storage temperatures above 20oC, as water sensitivity progressively broke down.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Sloop germination rose under the same low moisture and warm storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Sloope0
- Treatment
- low moisture content (mc) at storage temperatures above 20oCe0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of Gairdner and Sloop increased at low moisture content (mc) at storage temperatures above 20oC, as water sensitivity progressively broke down.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grimmett germination declined under those conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Grimmette0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- similar conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, Grimmett germination declined under similar conditions.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Stirling germination was maintained even under high temperature storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Stirlinge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Qualifier
- high temperature storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stirling was very robust and maintained its germination even under high temperature storage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tallon needed storage below 25oC to avert quality loss.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Tallone0
- Outcome
- stored below 25oCe0
- Qualifier
- prevent loss in barley qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tallon had to be stored below 25oC to prevent loss in barley quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly water-sensitive and dormant samples were less vulnerable to germination loss.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Samples with high water sensitivity and dormancye0
- Outcome
- germination losse0
- Direction
- less vulnerablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Samples with high water sensitivity and dormancy were less vulnerable to germination loss.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Gairdner maltability improved after storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Gairdnere0
- Outcome
- maltabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gairdner, Sloop and Stirling, all samples with some level of dormancy and water sensitivity, showed improved maltability after storage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Sloop maltability improved after storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Sloope0
- Outcome
- maltabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gairdner, Sloop and Stirling, all samples with some level of dormancy and water sensitivity, showed improved maltability after storage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Stirling maltability improved after storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Stirlinge0
- Outcome
- maltabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gairdner, Sloop and Stirling, all samples with some level of dormancy and water sensitivity, showed improved maltability after storage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tallon maltability decreased under most storage conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Tallone0
- Outcome
- maltabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tallon and Grimmett, samples with high pre-storage germination, decreased in maltability under most storage conditions.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grimmett maltability decreased under most storage conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Grimmette0
- Outcome
- maltabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tallon and Grimmett, samples with high pre-storage germination, decreased in maltability under most storage conditions.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer storage under mild conditions generally improved malting outcomes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- malting outcomese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- Longer term storage under mild conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Longer term storage under mild conditions generally resulted in better malting outcomes.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage affected Kohlbach index, wort beta-glucan and diastatic power.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Kohlbach index, wort β-glucan, diastatic powere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage affected Kohlbach index, wort β-glucan, diastatic power and apparent attenuation limit of malt.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage affected apparent attenuation limit of malt.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- apparent attenuation limit of malte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage affected Kohlbach index, wort β-glucan, diastatic power and apparent attenuation limit of malt.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant grain alpha-amylase and beta-glucanase activity changed with storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- α-amylase and β-glucanasee0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dormant grain, enzyme activity of α-amylase and β-glucanase changed with storage, while β-amylase measurements showed no clear trends.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-amylase activity showed no clear storage trend.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- β-amylasee0
- Outcome
- β-amylase measurementse0
- Direction
- no clear trendse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dormant grain, enzyme activity of α-amylase and β-glucanase changed with storage, while β-amylase measurements showed no clear trends.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activity fell at higher moisture content and temperatures with germination loss.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- higher mc and temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- concurrent with germination losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzyme activity decreased at higher mc and temperatures concurrent with germination loss.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant or water-sensitive barley can be stored at 25 to 30°C briefly to increase germination.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- stored at 25° to 30°C for short periodse0
- Qualifier
- to increase germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley with pronounced levels of dormancy and/or water sensitivity can be safely stored at 25° to 30°C for short periods to increase germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content should be at or below 12%, with germination monitored during storage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- monitor germination during storage, and moisture content should be kept at or below 12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Care must be taken to monitor germination during storage, and moisture content should be kept at or below 12%.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant barley stored cold may not reach malting quality even over 12 months.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- malting qualitye0
- Qualifier
- even over a 12 month periode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dormant barley stored at low temperatures may not reach malting quality, even over a 12 month period.”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.