Abstract
Core Ideas High stress enhanced protein concentration, but reduced total starch concentration. High stress had more advantage effects on protein fractions at anthesis than 10 d after anthesis. High stress had significant negative effects on starch during grain filling. The combination stress did not have significant effects on protein fractions. The combination stress had significant effects on starch concentration. The protein and starch properties of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) are important factors for grain quality and these properties are documented to be influenced by temperatures. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of high temperature regimes, starting dates, durations and their combinations on grain protein and starch concentrations in two wheat cultivars Yangmai16 and Xumai30 with different heat tolerances. Four temperature regimes of 27/17°C, 31/21°C, 35/25°C, and 39/29°C were implemented for 3 and 6 d after anthesis and 10 d after anthesis. The concentrations of protein and starch components in grains were measured during the periods of postanthesis. High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains. Higher concentration of protein fractions were observed when high temperatures were applied at anthesis than during the grain‐filling stage (10 d after anthesis). However, high temperatures during grain filling had profoundly more negative effects on starch concentration than at anthesis. The combination of high temperature regimes and durations did not have significant effects on the protein fractions, compared with either of the temperature regimes or durations applied individually, which was different from the starch concentration in response to the combination. Nevertheless, the combination of temperature regimes and durations could not cause more changes to grain starch concentrations than a single stress event.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased wheat grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased wheat grain amylose concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- amylose concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced wheat grain amylopectin concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- amylopectine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced wheat grain total starch concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- total starch concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat applied at anthesis yielded higher protein fractions than heat at grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- high temperatures were applied at anthesise0
- Outcome
- concentration of protein fractionse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- grain‐filling stage (10 d after anthesis)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentration of protein fractions were observed when high temperatures were applied at anthesis than during the grain‐filling stage (10 d after anthesis).”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat during grain filling harmed starch concentration more than heat at anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- high temperatures during grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- starch concentratione0
- Direction
- more negative effectse0
- Comparator
- at anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperatures during grain filling had profoundly more negative effects on starch concentration than at anthesis.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining temperature regime and duration had no significant additional effect on protein fractions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combination of high temperature regimes and durationse0
- Outcome
- protein fractionse0
- Direction
- did not have significant effectse0
- Comparator
- either of the temperature regimes or durations applied individuallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of high temperature regimes and durations did not have significant effects on the protein fractions, compared with either of the temperature regimes or durations applied individually”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined temperature regime and duration affected starch concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combination stresse0
- Outcome
- starch concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination stress had significant effects on starch concentration.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat regimes and durations did not change grain starch more than a single stress event.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combination of temperature regimes and durationse0
- Outcome
- grain starch concentrationse0
- Direction
- could not cause more changese0
- Comparator
- a single stress evente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of temperature regimes and durations could not cause more changes to grain starch concentrations than a single stress event.”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.