Abstract
Zinc deficiency symptoms in maize plants have been appeared on some neutral to alkaline soils of Vukovar, Beli Manastir and Osijek areas (the Eastern Croatia). The mean values of soil test (0-30cm of depth) were as follows: 6.17 and 7.09 (pH in KCl), 5.8 and 2.4 mg of exchangeable Zn/kg for places (the same plot) of normal and chlorotic plants growth, respectively. The analogous comparison of plant properties (aerial part at 6-8 leaves stage) were as follows: 69 cm and 33 cm plant height, 22.0 and 4.4 mg of dry matter/plant, 27 and 20 mg Zn/kg (Kovacevic et al. 1988). These disorders have been especially expressed in seed-maize crops. Concerning this, parents of hybrid maize (inbred lines) are usually different degree of tolerance to soil stress induced by low Zn supply (appearance signs of Zn deficiency in one parent and they absence in the second parent at same plot of seed-maize crop). For this reason, we conducted field experiments of different fertilization treatments as well testing of different genotypes to their zinc status under different soil conditions. In the period from 1991 to 1993, in total 16 field trials were conducted in seed-maize crops. The results of these investigations were mainly shown by Kovacevic et al. (1993). By presowing soil incorporation of 60 kg ZnSO4.7H2O/ha (13 kg Zn/ha), yields of natural seed were increased in seven trials from 10% to 32% compared to control (ordinary fertilization. By increased P and K fertilization (170 kg P2O5 + 170 kg K2O/ha and ordinary fertilization) they were increased in six trials from 8% to 35%. Ten maize inbred line were grown on calcareous gleysol (pH in H2O: 8.30) in four replicates (exp. plot 10.15 m2). They were treated by 0.75% ZnSO4.7H20 solution (twofold in ten days interval at June 1995). Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows: increasing for 34% (Os84-24), 20% (Os84-49) and 13% (Os64-9) ; decreasing for 22% (Os 1-48) and 18% (Os 2-48 ; yields in range of control (Os86-39, Os87-24, Os 3-48 , Os 84-28 and A672). Four maize inbred lines and their 12 hybrids were grown in four replications (exp. plot 7.0m2) on two soil types (drained gleysol = soil A, lessive soil = soil B) differing of properties (pH in KCl = 6.82 and 4.09 for soil A and soil B, resp.). Plant Zn status in dry matter were estimated by the ear-leaf testing at beginning of the silking stage (middle of July 1992). It was in mean 14.9 mg Zn/kg (Zn deficiency!) and 30.9 mg Zn/kg, for growing on soil A and soil B, resp. Low Zn status are in connection with lower grain yield (mean 4.80 t/ha compared to 7.52 t/ha). Plant Zn on level of genotype was in range from 21.2 to 27.0 mg Zn/kg (means of two trials: Table 1). The higher level of plant Zn in Os1-48 inbred line is in close connection with the higher plant Zn status of their hybrids (Table 1). In general, in the others three inbred lines and their hybrids are something lower the ear-leaf zinc concentrations (Kovacevic et al. 1996). Table 1. The ear-leaf Zn status (means of two experiments: soil A and soil B) of maize (Kovacevic et al. 1996) Father MotherOs1-48Os84-24Os86-39Os87-24Mean* The ear-leaf Zn (mg Zn/kg of dry matter) at beginning of the silking stage (middle of July 1992) Os 1-48 Os84-24 Os86-39 Os87-2427.0 23.8 24.4 23.423.8 22.1 22.3 21.423.7 21.2 21.3 23.523.2 22.6 21.4 21.624.4 (23.6) 22.4 (22.5) 22.4 (22.7) 22.5 (22.8) Mean*24.7 (23.6)22.4 (22.5)22.4 (22.8)22.2 (22.4) * in the brackets: means of hybrids (in total 3) only References Kovacevic V., Loncaric Z., Lackovic R. (1993): Response of the seed-maize on fertilization (in Croatian). Poljopr. aktualnosti 29 (1-2), 9-15. Kovacevic V., Schnug E., Haneklaus S., Simic D.(1996): Genetic and environmental influences on micronutrient (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) concentrations in corn plants. J. of Crop. Sci. (in press). Kovacevic V., Zugec I., Bertic B., Katusic V. (1988): Growth retardation and chlorosis in maize due to zinc deficiency under the conditions of Eastern Croatia. Tag. Ber., Akad. Landwirtsch. Wiss. DDR, Berlin, 267, p.379-386.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency symptoms occurred in maize on neutral to alkaline soils in eastern Croatia.
- Outcome
- Zinc deficiency symptomse0
- Setting
- Vukovar, Beli Manastir and Osijek areas (the Eastern Croatia)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc deficiency symptoms in maize plants have been appeared on some neutral to alkaline soils of Vukovar, Beli Manastir and Osijek areas (the Eastern Croatia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Parent inbred lines differed in tolerance to low zinc supply within the same seed maize plot.
- Material
- inbred linese0
- Outcome
- different degree of tolerance to soil stress induced by low Zn supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“parents of hybrid maize (inbred lines) are usually different degree of tolerance to soil stress induced by low Zn supply (appearance signs of Zn deficiency in one parent and they absence in the second parent at same plot of seed-maize crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Presowing ZnSO4.7H2O increased natural seed yields by 10% to 32% in seven trials.
- Treatment
- 60 kg ZnSO4.7H2O/ha (13 kg Zn/ha)e0
- Outcome
- yields of natural seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10% to 32%e0
- Qualifier
- seven trialse0
- Comparator
- control (ordinary fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By presowing soil incorporation of 60 kg ZnSO4.7H2O/ha (13 kg Zn/ha), yields of natural seed were increased in seven trials from 10% to 32% compared to control (ordinary fertilization”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased phosphorus and potassium fertilization raised seed yields by 8% to 35% in six trials.
- Treatment
- increased P and K fertilization (170 kg P2O5 + 170 kg K2O/ha and ordinary fertilization)e0
- Outcome
- theye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8% to 35%e0
- Qualifier
- six trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increased P and K fertilization (170 kg P2O5 + 170 kg K2O/ha and ordinary fertilization) they were increased in six trials from 8% to 35%”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment increased Os84-24 grain yield by 34%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing for 34% (Os84-24), 20% (Os84-49) and 13% (Os64-9)”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment increased Os84-49 grain yield by 20%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing for 34% (Os84-24), 20% (Os84-49) and 13% (Os64-9)”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment increased Os64-9 grain yield by 13%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing for 34% (Os84-24), 20% (Os84-49) and 13% (Os64-9)”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment decreased Os 1-48 grain yield by 22%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing for 22% (Os 1-48) and 18% (Os 2-48”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment decreased Os 2-48 grain yield by 18%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing for 22% (Os 1-48) and 18% (Os 2-48”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Five inbred lines had yields in the control range after zinc use.
- Material
- Os86-39, Os87-24, Os 3-48 , Os 84-28 and A672e0
- Treatment
- zinc usee1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- in range of controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields in range of control (Os86-39, Os87-24, Os 3-48 , Os 84-28 and A672)”
e1“Concerning individual inbred lines response to zinc use (Josipovic et al. 1996), they were found differences of grain yields as follows:”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear leaf zinc status was 14.9 mg Zn/kg on soil A.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was in mean 14.9 mg Zn/kg (Zn deficiency!) and 30.9 mg Zn/kg, for growing on soil A and soil B, resp”
e1“Plant Zn status in dry matter were estimated by the ear-leaf testing at beginning of the silking stage”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear leaf zinc status was 30.9 mg Zn/kg on soil B.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was in mean 14.9 mg Zn/kg (Zn deficiency!) and 30.9 mg Zn/kg, for growing on soil A and soil B, resp”
e1“Plant Zn status in dry matter were estimated by the ear-leaf testing at beginning of the silking stage”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize zinc status was associated with lower grain yield, 4.80 versus 7.52 t/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low Zn status are in connection with lower grain yield (mean 4.80 t/ha compared to 7.52 t/ha)”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant zinc varied among maize genotypes from 21.2 to 27.0 mg Zn/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant Zn on level of genotype was in range from 21.2 to 27.0 mg Zn/kg”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher plant zinc in Os1-48 was associated with higher zinc status in its hybrids.
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher level of plant Zn in Os1-48 inbred line is in close connection with the higher plant Zn status of their hybrids”
t0“Maize Plants”
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