Abstract
Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L., ‘Illinois WF 9 × 38‐11’) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., ‘Russet Burbank’) were grown in dithizone purified nutrient solutions to contrast relationships between dry matter yield, tissue phosphorus (P) concentration, and tissue zinc (Zn) concentration as they influence the development of Zn deficiency and P toxicity. Treatments consisted of Zn at 0, 0.14, and 0.41 µ M in factorial combination with P at 0.02, 0.10, 1.0, and 3.0 m M . Yield and tissue concentration of P and Zn were affected by statistically significant P‐Zn treatment interactions in both species. Corn plants developed Zn deficiency symptoms and responded to nutrient solution Zn when plant growth was not limited by inadequate nutrient solution P. Corn plants grown in nutrient solutions containing 0 µ M Zn and 3.0 m M P contained 3.39% P in leaf tissue and had significantly lower yields than did plants grown in nutrient solutions containing 1.0 m M P. Even though no visual symptoms were evident, P toxicity probably was responsible for the reduction in yield. Potato plants responded to nutrient solution Zn when growth was not limited by inadequate P but did not exhibit visual symptoms of Zn deficiency. Zinc‐deficient potato plants containing in excess of 2.22% P in leaf tissue exhibited probable P toxicity symptoms characterized by puckering of leaf edges, thickening and upward curling of leaves, and leaf necrosis. Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissue of Zn‐deficient potato was the result of increased mobilization and translocation of P from roots to above‐ground parts, increased total P uptake, and concentration of P resulting from restricted growth. Excessive levels of P in corn leaf tissue were primarily the result of concentration of P due to restricted growth. Zinc concentration in tissue of both species was reduced by growth response dilution, but Zn uptake by plants receiving low levels of Zn was not reduced by increasing nutrient solution P concentrations. Apparent accentuation of Zn deficiency by P application is explained on the basis of accumulation of toxic levels of P in Zn‐deficient plants. Species such as potato which show increased P uptake and increased mobilization and translocation of P to tops when under Zn stress are probably more susceptible to P toxicity.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and zinc treatments interacted significantly for corn yield and tissue concentrations.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- P‐Zn treatment interactionse0
- Outcome
- Yield and tissue concentration of P and Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and tissue concentration of P and Zn were affected by statistically significant P‐Zn treatment interactions in both species.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and zinc treatments interacted significantly for potato yield and tissue concentrations.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- P‐Zn treatment interactionse0
- Outcome
- Yield and tissue concentration of P and Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and tissue concentration of P and Zn were affected by statistically significant P‐Zn treatment interactions in both species.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn showed zinc deficiency symptoms when phosphorus did not limit growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Zn deficiency symptomse0
- Qualifier
- when plant growth was not limited by inadequate nutrient solution Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn plants developed Zn deficiency symptoms and responded to nutrient solution Zn when plant growth was not limited by inadequate nutrient solution P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn growth responded to nutrient-solution zinc when phosphorus did not limit growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution Zne0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- when plant growth was not limited by inadequate nutrient solution Pe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn plants developed Zn deficiency symptoms and responded to nutrient solution Zn when plant growth was not limited by inadequate nutrient solution P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grown at zero zinc and 3.0 mM phosphorus had 3.39% leaf phosphorus.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 0 µ M Zn and 3.0 m M Pe0
- Outcome
- P in leaf tissuee0
- Value
- 3.39% Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn plants grown in nutrient solutions containing 0 µ M Zn and 3.0 m M P contained 3.39% P in leaf tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield at zero zinc and 3.0 mM phosphorus was significantly lower than at 1.0 mM phosphorus.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 0 µ M Zn and 3.0 m M Pe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 1.0 m M Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn plants grown in nutrient solutions containing 0 µ M Zn and 3.0 m M P contained 3.39% P in leaf tissue and had significantly lower yields than did plants grown in nutrient solutions containing 1.0 m M P.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the corn yield reduction probably to phosphorus toxicity despite no visual symptoms.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- reduction in yielde0
- Qualifier
- P toxicity probably was responsiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even though no visual symptoms were evident, P toxicity probably was responsible for the reduction in yield.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato responded to nutrient-solution zinc when phosphorus did not limit growth.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution Zne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- when growth was not limited by inadequate Pe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato plants responded to nutrient solution Zn when growth was not limited by inadequate P but did not exhibit visual symptoms of Zn deficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato did not show visual zinc-deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- did not exhibit visual symptoms of Zn deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato plants responded to nutrient solution Zn when growth was not limited by inadequate P but did not exhibit visual symptoms of Zn deficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-deficient potatoes with leaf phosphorus above 2.22% showed probable phosphorus-toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee0
- Outcome
- probable P toxicity symptomse0
- Value
- 2.22% Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc‐deficient potato plants containing in excess of 2.22% P in leaf tissue exhibited probable P toxicity symptoms characterized by puckering of leaf edges, thickening and upward curling of leaves, and leaf necrosis.”
Claim · model-written summary
In zinc-deficient potato, greater phosphorus movement from roots to shoots contributed to excess leaf phosphorus.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissuee0
- Qualifier
- increased mobilization and translocation of P from roots to above‐ground partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissue of Zn‐deficient potato was the result of increased mobilization and translocation of P from roots to above‐ground parts, increased total P uptake, and concentration of P resulting from restricted growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
In zinc-deficient potato, greater total phosphorus uptake contributed to excess leaf phosphorus.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissuee0
- Qualifier
- increased total P uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissue of Zn‐deficient potato was the result of increased mobilization and translocation of P from roots to above‐ground parts, increased total P uptake, and concentration of P resulting from restricted growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
In zinc-deficient potato, restricted growth concentrated phosphorus in leaves.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissuee0
- Qualifier
- restricted growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive concentration of P in leaf tissue of Zn‐deficient potato was the result of increased mobilization and translocation of P from roots to above‐ground parts, increased total P uptake, and concentration of P resulting from restricted growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted growth primarily concentrated phosphorus in corn leaves.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Excessive levels of P in corn leaf tissuee0
- Qualifier
- restricted growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive levels of P in corn leaf tissue were primarily the result of concentration of P due to restricted growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth-response dilution reduced tissue zinc concentration in corn and potato.
- Taxon
- Corn and PotatoSolanum tuberosumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Zinc concentration in tissuee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- growth response dilutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc concentration in tissue of both species was reduced by growth response dilution, but Zn uptake by plants receiving low levels of Zn was not reduced by increasing nutrient solution P concentrations.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing solution phosphorus did not reduce zinc uptake at low zinc supply in either species.
- Taxon
- Corn and PotatoSolanum tuberosumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- increasing nutrient solution P concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- low levels of Zne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn uptake by plants receiving low levels of Zn was not reduced by increasing nutrient solution P concentrations.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors explain apparent phosphorus-induced zinc-deficiency accentuation by toxic phosphorus accumulation.
- Taxon
- Corn and PotatoSolanum tuberosumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- accentuation of Zn deficiencye0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of toxic levels of Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent accentuation of Zn deficiency by P application is explained on the basis of accumulation of toxic levels of P in Zn‐deficient plants.”
t0“Corn and Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest potato-like species under zinc stress are more susceptible to phosphorus toxicity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- susceptible to P toxicitye0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Qualifier
- when under Zn stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Species such as potato which show increased P uptake and increased mobilization and translocation of P to tops when under Zn stress are probably more susceptible to P toxicity.”
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