Abstract
Although amelioration of drought stress in plants by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a well reported phenomenon, the molecular mechanisms governing it are not well understood. We have investigated the role of a drought ameliorating PGPR strain, Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 on the regulation of proline metabolic gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under water-stressed conditions. Indeed, we found that Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 alleviates the effects of water-stress in A. thaliana by drastic changes in proline metabolic gene expression profile at different time points post stress induction. Quantitative real-time expression analysis of proline metabolic genes in inoculated plants under water-stressed conditions showed a delayed but prolonged up-regulation of the expression of genes involved in proline biosynthesis, i.e., ornithine-Δ-aminotransferase (OAT), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase1 (P5CS1), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), as well as proline catabolism, i.e., proline dehydrogenase1 (PDH1) and Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). These observations were positively correlated with morpho-physiological evidences of water-stress mitigation in the plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 that showed better growth, increased fresh weight, enhanced plant water content, reduction in primary root length, enhanced chlorophyll content in leaves, and increased accumulation of endogenous proline. Our observations point towards PGPR-mediated enhanced proline turnover rate in A. thaliana under dehydration conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 alleviated water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45
Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont - Outcome
- effects of water-stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 alleviates the effects of water-stress in A. thaliana”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation delayed but prolonged up-regulation of proline biosynthesis genes OAT, P5CS1 and P5CR under water stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Gene
- ornithine-Δ-aminotransferase (OAT), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase1 (P5CS1), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)e0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in proline biosynthesise0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculated plants under water-stressed conditions showed a delayed but prolonged up-regulation of the expression of genes involved in proline biosynthesis, i.e., ornithine-Δ-aminotransferase (OAT), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase1 (P5CS1), Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“PGPR strain, Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation delayed but prolonged up-regulation of proline catabolism genes PDH1 and P5CDH.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae3symbiont
- Gene
- proline dehydrogenase1 (PDH1) and Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH)e0
- Outcome
- proline catabolisme0
- Direction
- up-regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as proline catabolism, i.e., proline dehydrogenase1 (PDH1) and Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH)”
e1“delayed but prolonged up-regulation”
e2“inoculated plants under water-stressed conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“PGPR strain, Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants showed better growth and increased fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, increased fresh weighte0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 that showed better growth, increased fresh weight”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had enhanced water content and leaf chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant water contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 that showed better growth, increased fresh weight, enhanced plant water content, reduction in primary root length, enhanced chlorophyll content in leaves”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had reduced primary root length.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- primary root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 that showed better growth, increased fresh weight, enhanced plant water content, reduction in primary root length”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants accumulated more endogenous proline.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of endogenous prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 that showed better growth, increased fresh weight, enhanced plant water content, reduction in primary root length, enhanced chlorophyll content in leaves, and increased accumulation of endogenous proline”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The observations point to increased proline turnover mediated by the rhizobacterium under dehydration.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- enhanced proline turnover ratee0
- Qualifier
- under dehydration conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR-mediated enhanced proline turnover rate in A. thaliana under dehydration conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.